Anal and Rectal Polyps

　　Regarding the etiology of anal and rectal polyps, there is a certain genetic factor in the etiology of this disease. However, in clinical practice, this factor is not very common, of course, this is relatively speaking. In fact, a considerable number of patients with anal and rectal polyps are also caused by genetic factors. Below, the specific causes leading to anal and rectal polyps are summarized as follows:

　　1. Genetic Factors

　　It is generally believed that the formation of colonic polyps is closely related to gene mutations and genetic factors. Current research indicates that mutated genes can be inherited from parents to their offspring, and in terms of genetic opportunities, there is no difference between males and females.

　　II. Inflammation stimulation

　　Long-term inflammation stimulation of the intestinal mucosa can cause the formation of intestinal mucosal polyps. This is due to the inflammation, congestion, and edema of the intestinal mucosa, followed by ulceration and healing, leading to the gradual contraction of scars, forming polyps. Also, due to chronic inflammation stimulation, the glands are blocked, mucus is retained, and the disease occurs.

　　III. Stimulation and mechanical injury by feces, foreign bodies

　　Long-term stimulation of the intestinal mucosal epithelium by fecal residue and foreign bodies, as well as other causes of rectal mucosal injury, cause abnormal hyperplasia of cells, forming polyps.

　　IV. Living habits

　　Poor living habits and irregular life can also lead to body fluid acidification, causing intestinal cell mutation and hyperplasia.

　　V. Dietary factors

　　Dietary factors are related to the formation of colon polyps, especially the interaction between bacteria and bile acids, which may be the basis for the formation of adenomatous polyps.

　　In addition to its clinical manifestations, anal and rectal polyps can also cause other diseases. This disease is prone to complications such as massive hemorrhoids, intestinal stricture, intestinal perforation, and toxic megacolon, which should be highly emphasized by clinical doctors and patients.

　　The clinical symptoms of anal and rectal polyps are hemorrhoidal bleeding, prolapse, and intestinal irritation symptoms.

　　1. Hemorrhoidal bleeding:Hemorrhoidal bleeding is the main clinical manifestation of rectal polyps. The amount of bleeding from anal and rectal polyps is small. If the polyp falls off due to the pressure of defecation, or if the polyp is large and located low, a large amount of hemorrhoidal bleeding may occur. The characteristic of bleeding is with blood, not dripping blood.

　　2. Prolapse:When the polyp is large or there are a large number of polyps, due to gravity, the mucosal layer of the intestinal mucosa is pulled, causing it to gradually separate from the muscular layer and drop downward. The action of defecation and the stimulation of intestinal peristalsis can relax the mucosal layer around the pedicle base, which may lead to rectal prolapse.

　　3. Intestinal irritation symptoms:When the intestinal peristalsis pulls the polyp, intestinal irritation symptoms may occur, such as abdominal discomfort, lower abdominal pain, diarrhea, purulent stools, tenesmus, etc.

　　Anal and rectal polyps should develop good living habits, quit smoking and limit alcohol consumption. Do not eat too much salty and spicy food, do not eat overheated, cold, expired, and deteriorated food; elderly people with weak physical fitness or those with certain genetic susceptibility to diseases should eat some cancer-preventive foods and alkaline foods with high alkalinity to maintain a good mental state. Maintain a good mindset to cope with stress, combine work and rest, and do not overwork. Strengthen physical exercise, enhance physical fitness, and exercise more in the sun, so that acidic substances in the body can be excreted through sweat, avoiding the formation of acidic constitution. Do not eat contaminated food, such as contaminated water, crops, poultry, eggs, and fish, and eat some green organic food to prevent diseases from entering the body through the mouth.

　　Most anal and rectal polyps grow secretly and generally have no obvious symptoms. If there is a polyp in an organ, the first choice of examination should be endoscopy, such as colonoscopy and hysteroscopy, followed by color Doppler ultrasound and CT.

　　Self-care for patients with anal and rectal polyps is particularly important, as it not only improves the stimulation of local adverse environment but also provides a good foundation for treatment and recovery. During the remission period, pay attention to the cleanliness and hygiene of the anal area, and use warm salt water to bathe the anal area frequently, or choose alum water for external washing, or use a 1:5000 potassium permanganate solution to clean the local area. To alleviate the symptoms of anal and rectal polyps, at least clean once a night, which can clean the local hygiene and improve local blood circulation, enhance resistance to the disease.

　　In Western medicine treatment, the main method of removing polyps is to perform various removal methods under endoscopy. Different surgical methods are adopted according to the shape, size, number, and whether there is a pedicle, the length, thickness, and fineness of the polyps:

　　1. High-frequency electrocoagulation loop resection method:Mainly used for pedunculated polyps.

　　2. High-frequency electrocoagulation burning method:Mainly used for multiple hemispherical small polyps.

　　3. High-frequency electrocoagulation thermal biopsy forceps method:Currently rarely used, mainly replaced by high-frequency electrocoagulation burning method and biopsy forceps removal method.

　　4. Laser ablation and microwave thermal method:Suitable for those who do not need to leave a histological specimen.

　　5. Biopsy forceps removal method:Mainly used for single or a few spherical small polyps that are simple and easy to remove and can also take pathological examination of living tissue.

　　6. Mucosal stripping embedded method:Mainly used for patients with flat polyps or early cancer patients.

　　7. Stage-by-stage batch removal method:Mainly used for patients with more than 10-20 polyps who cannot be removed at one time.

　　8. Close removal method:Mainly used for large polyps with long pedicles that are difficult to hang in the intestinal cavity, using the method of large polyp close to the intestinal wall electrocoagulation resection.

　　9. Endoscopic surgical combined treatment method:Mainly used for patients with polyps, where the sparse area of the polyps is removed by surgery, which can achieve the therapeutic purpose while maintaining the normal function of the large intestine.

　　Surgery does great harm to the human body itself, in an acidic体质 environment, wound healing is slow, and patients' physical and mental health will be greatly affected, and surgery does not necessarily eliminate intestinal polyps, and intestinal polyps can become cancerous. Only by truly improving one's own body fluids can intestinal polyps be truly eliminated.