Ovulation period

　　Under normal circumstances, the ovulation period for women starts from the first day of the menstrual period and lasts until the 14th day, which is the day of ovulation. The 5 days before and the 4 days after the day of ovulation together form the ovulation period. It is mainly to release the secondary oocyte, which is the egg cell. This secondary oocyte enters the fallopian tube and undergoes the second meiotic division in the fallopian tube. This division must occur after fertilization, after the sperm nucleus enters the secondary oocyte. The result of the division produces a viable large cell, that is, the egg cell, and a non-fertilizable polar body.

　　But if the ovum released this month is not fertilized, the corpus luteum in the ovary will regress, and the production of estrogen and progesterone will decrease. Without the support of estrogen and progesterone, the endometrium will atrophy and collapse. The blood vessels in the endometrium will spasm and contract, and finally rupture and bleed. The endometrial layer will be peeled off from the uterine cavity and discharged through the vagina, which is menstruation.

　　Normal women of childbearing age have a menstrual period once a month. From the first day of this menstrual period to the first day of the next menstrual period is called one menstrual cycle. If considering contraception, the menstrual cycle of women can be divided into menstrual period, ovulation period, and safe period. The ovulation date of women is generally about 14 days before the next menstrual period. The 5 days before and the 4 days after the ovulation day, including the ovulation day itself, are a total of 10 days called the ovulation period. For example, if this menstrual period started on the 1st, the next menstrual period will be on the 29th, the ovulation day is this month's 15th, and the ovulation period is from this month's 10th to 19th.

　　Bleeding during the ovulation period is a symptom that many women may experience, with little bleeding, some may only be coffee-colored discharge, which usually stops spontaneously within 2-3 days. Since bleeding during the ovulation period is common, it does not mean that women can ignore it. Because, bleeding during the ovulation period also has certain risks. Clinically, the risks of bleeding during the ovulation period include the following points:

　　1. Annoying symptoms: Although the amount of bleeding during the ovulation period is small, it can still be very unexpected for women, thus affecting their normal life and work.

　　2. Abdominal pain: Patients with ovulation period bleeding often have symptoms of abdominal pain, periodic menstrual interval pain, which can be mild or severe, generally lasting for several hours, and some patients may last for 2-3 days.

　　3. Cause infertility: Both men and women may stop sexual life due to ovulation period bleeding, thus missing the opportunity for conception, which may ultimately lead to infertility.

　　4. Harm of primary disease:Gynecological diseases such as irregular menstruation, cervical erosion, cervical polyps, cervical cancer, endometrial polyps, submucosal fibroids of the uterus, and endometrial adenocarcinoma can also cause symptoms of bleeding during the ovulation period. Therefore, if the primary disease causing the ovulation period bleeding is not treated in a timely and thorough manner, it can harm women's health.

　　1. Decreased appetite:Research shows that women's food intake during the ovulation period is the lowest in a menstrual cycle, experts point out that this is the result of the natural instinct of humans preserved to this day - female animals during the ovulation period will pay more attention to finding a mate for mating rather than looking for food.

　　2. Vitality:This is also a natural instinct inherited from humans, in order to successfully attract the opposite sex, women during the ovulation period will become lively and love to show off themselves.

　　3. Increased libido:On the whole, women's sexual desire during the ovulation period is particularly strong, which is the embodiment of the highest value of the body signal for women to desire pregnancy.

　　4. Decreased resistanceDuring the ovulation period, the vaginal mucus of women becomes thin, which allows sperm to pass more easily, thereby increasing the chance of successful conception. At the same time, the nasal mucus of women also decreases, which increases the opportunity for bacteria to enter the human circulatory system.

　　5. Anal distension or one-sided lower abdominal pain:When a mature egg is released from the surface of the ovary, it has to break through the thin film covering the surface of the egg, and a small amount of fluid in the follicle will flow into the lowest part of the pelvic cavity. Women may feel a slight sense of descent in the anus, as well as mild pain in one side of the lower abdomen.

　　6. Increase in vaginal discharge:Before ovulation, female vaginal discharge is less, thick, and opaque; as the ovulation period approaches, vaginal discharge gradually increases and becomes thin and milky white; by the time of ovulation, the amount of discharge significantly increases and becomes water-like clear and transparent. Women may feel moist and slippery in the perineum, and when wiping with toilet paper, there may be stringy mucus like egg white. This increase in vaginal discharge generally lasts for 2-3 days and is the time when women are most likely to become pregnant.

　　7. Ovulatory bleeding and temperature rise:The ovaries are responsible for the secretion of female endocrine hormones, so due to the fluctuation of estrogen secretion before and after ovulation, there may be slight uterine bleeding, known as ovulatory bleeding. After ovulation, due to the secretion of progesterone, the body temperature slightly rises after ovulation. If one can persistently measure the basal body temperature every morning, one can find their ovulation date according to the change in body temperature.

　　Ovulatory disorders, also known as anovulation, are one of the main causes of female infertility, accounting for about 25% to 30%. In addition to causing female infertility, ovulatory disorders can also lead to symptoms such as menstrual irregularity, amenorrhea, hirsutism, and obesity, causing great harm to the physical and mental health of women. Therefore, it is very necessary to prevent ovulatory disorders as early as possible. But how can women discover ovulatory disorders early?

　　1. First, one should recall whether their menstruation is normal, whether there are irregularities or amenorrhea.

　　Past history of chronic diseases such as tuberculosis, anemia, and malabsorption, whether surgery has been performed, past sexual development, and whether there is exposure to occupational toxic substances, etc., to preliminarily speculate whether there are any lesions that may affect ovulation.

　　2. The gynecologist examines the development of the reproductive organs and whether the ovaries have enlarged.

　　3. Based on the situation of secondary sexual characteristics such as body shape, posture, hair, voice, and breast development, as well as the presence of malformations such as neck and limb deformities, combined with the above recall, one can preliminarily infer the cause of ovulatory disorders, such as short stature, underdeveloped secondary sexual characteristics, and the absence of menstruation, which may indicate underdeveloped ovaries. Tall stature and underdeveloped secondary sexual characteristics may be caused by abnormal sexual function due to central nervous system disorders. An increase in body hair may be due to excessive androgen secretion by the ovaries or adrenal glands. Milky discharge from the nipples may indicate excessive prolactin in the blood.

　　4. By measuring the basal body temperature, examining cervical mucus, endometrial biopsy, and hormone testing, one can indirectly infer whether ovulation has occurred.

　　It is necessary to rely on a series of endocrine function tests, X-ray contrast, karyotype analysis, and laparoscopy to roughly determine the cause of ovulatory disorders.

　　The calculation method for the ovulation day is as follows:

　　1. Cervical Mucus Method:In the gynecology department of the hospital, cervical mucus is checked to determine whether a woman is in the ovulation period.

　　Cervical Mucus Extensibility Test Method (this requires a certain amount of gynecological experience to distinguish)

　　The secretion increases during ovulation, which is a basic knowledge that every woman should know. This is because during ovulation, the cervix secretes a large amount of cervical mucus.

　　The method of testing: First, wash your fingers thoroughly, spread your legs, and push the uterus forward with abdominal force. Then, insert your fingers into the vagina and you will feel a solid mass, which is the cervix. If it is during the ovulation period, it will be full of mucus. Take a little mucus and try to pull it. On the day of ovulation, the mucus can be pulled to 10-15 centimeters. If the mucus is placed on a slide under a microscope and observed after drying, you can see beautiful crystalline images similar to ferns. The closer it is to the day of ovulation, the larger and clearer the crystalline images are. The reason is that during the ovulation period, the cervical mucus (commonly known as leukorrhea) contains a large amount of estrogen. The closer it is to the day of ovulation, the more estrogen there is. On the day of ovulation, estrogen reaches its peak, and at this time, the leukorrhea is the clearest and the silk is the longest. Therefore, the fern-like cross images are the clearest. Not all women can see the full screen of the cross.

　　2. Basic Body Temperature Method:

　　What is meant by the basic body temperature is the body temperature when you wake up in the morning, the body is kept quiet, and the mood is also in a state of calm. In the menstrual cycle, the basic body temperature shows periodic changes. After menstruation and during the follicular phase, the basic body temperature is lower. After ovulation, due to the formation of the corpus luteum in the ovary, the progesterone produced acts on the hypothalamic temperature regulation center, causing the body temperature to rise by 0.3-0.5°C, which lasts until 1-2 days before the period or the first day of menstruation, when the body temperature returns to the original level. Since human body temperature can change for various reasons, it is necessary to have a normal lifestyle during the measurement, with daily sleep lasting more than 6 hours, and the time of daily measurement should be roughly the same. With the acceleration of life rhythm, irregular work and rest time, the accuracy is about 60%.

　　Specific method: Before going to bed every night, swing the thermometer below the scale. When you wake up the next day, do not move or talk, pick up the thermometer, place it under the tongue, and hold it for five minutes. Measurement should start from the first day of the menstrual period (the day the menstrual blood arrives). Record the body temperature measured daily to make a basic body temperature chart. You can also buy a special basic body temperature chart from the hospital and mark the temperature according to the instructions. In a normal menstrual cycle, the daily measured basic body temperature is plotted to form a biphasic curve. If there is no ovulation, the basic body temperature does not rise and forms a uniphasic curve. In normal ovulatory women, the body temperature should remain elevated for 12-14 days after the rise. This chart is quite useful. It can be used to guide contraception and conception, assist in diagnosing pregnancy, and assist in diagnosing menstrual disorders. After the body temperature rises for 4 days, it can be confirmed that ovulation has occurred. From this time to 10 days before the onset of menstruation is called the safe period. The range of 2-3 days before and after the rise in body temperature is the ovulation period, which is easy to conceive and is called the fertile period. If you master this规律, you can guide contraception and conception well.

　　3. Intermediate pain method(Ovulation day pain): Some people feel pain in the lower abdomen in the middle of two menstrual periods, which is exactly equivalent to the time before ovulation, and is called intermediate pain or ovulation pain. Some experts have investigated that 97% of intermediate pain is felt before ovulation, so if there is intermediate pain, it can be considered that ovulation will occur within 24 hours. This method may be the simplest and easiest for some people, but the disadvantage is that only 15% of women have intermediate pain and cannot use this method.

　　4. Urine test:Under the guidance of a doctor, B-ultrasound can be used to monitor the follicle. When the follicle reaches about 1.8 centimeters, measure urine LH every 2-4 hours. The decline in urine LH can be considered as the peak. Ovulation occurs 12-24 hours after the peak. If it is not convenient to monitor the follicle, you can combine the previous menstrual cycle, and measure urine LH two days before the expected ovulation. The initial interval can be larger, and when the urine LH value rises significantly, you can monitor it every 2-4 hours. This method is semi-quantitative, simple, economical, non-invasive, and convenient for self-testing.

　　5. Menstrual period calculation method: Many women do not know their own, by using the following formula, after a period of testing, it is easy to calculate.

　　If your menstrual cycle is regular, the calculation method for the ovulation period is: starting from the first day of the next menstrual period, count backwards 14 days or subtract 14 days to get the ovulation day. The ovulation day and the 5 days before and 4 days after it are called the ovulation period. If the menstrual cycle is irregular, the calculation formula for the ovulation period is: the first day of the ovulation period = the shortest menstrual cycle minus 18 days; the last day of the ovulation period = the longest menstrual cycle minus 11 days. For example, if the shortest menstrual period is 28 days and the longest is 37 days, the shortest regular period should be subtracted by 18 (28-18=10) and the longest regular period should be subtracted by 11 (37-11=26), so the ovulation period is from the 10th day after the menstrual period to the 26th day.

　　6. Ovulation day detection through female saliva.

　　Research shows that the estrogen in female saliva is synchronized with cervical mucus, therefore, by detecting the estrogen in saliva with an ovulation detection device, the ovulation day can be accurately judged. The closer it is to the day of ovulation, the more abundant the estrogen in saliva, so the image showing the fern-like pattern is more dense. On the day of ovulation, normal women can see a full screen of crosses.

　　Correctly mastering the ovulation period is very important for young women: those who want to conceive should start having sex every other day from the first day of the ovulation period, and persist for several months. Generally, pregnancy will occur without any special circumstances. For women who do not want to get pregnant, they need to avoid sexual intercourse during these days, at this time, the ovulation period will be called another term: the danger period.

　　Dietary recipe for patients with menstrual bleeding during ovulation period:

　　1. Celery chrysanthemum soup:Dried celery 30 grams, chrysanthemum flower 15 grams. Add an appropriate amount of water, decoct and take as a decoction. It has the function of clearing heat and cooling blood.

　　2. Celery lotus root soup:Fresh celery, fresh lotus root slices each 120g, 15g of refined oil, a little salt. Wash the celery and lotus root, cut the celery into strips and the lotus root into slices. Heat the pot on high heat, add the refined oil and fry, then add the celery and lotus root slices, season with an appropriate amount of salt, stir-fry for 5 minutes, add an appropriate amount of water, cook until done, season with MSG and serve. It can clear heat and cool blood.

　　3. Yam and Chinese Wolfberry Porridge:Yam, Chinese wolfberry each 20g, glutinous rice 60g. Wash and cook into porridge for consumption. It has the functions of nourishing yin and stopping bleeding.

　　4. Raw Rehmannia Porridge:Raw Rehmannia 30g, glutinous rice 60g. Wash the raw rehmannia and cut it into slices, boil it twice with water, and take a total of 100 ml of juice. Wash the rice and boil it with an appropriate amount of water, then add the medicine juice and boil for another 10 minutes before serving. It has the functions of nourishing the kidney, cooling blood, and stopping bleeding.

　　5. Angelica Sinensis Lamb Soup:Lamb 1000g, Angelica sinensis 30g (if the taste can be accepted, it can be appropriately increased to 50g), several dates, ginger 30g. Cut the ginger into strips and cook it with the above materials in a sand pot, pay attention not to add salt, it can be eaten after 2 hours, at least twice a day.

　　The main methods for treating ovulatory disorders mainly include the following aspects:

　　1. Progesterone induction of ovulation

　　10 mg of fast estrone or 10 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate once a day starting from the 21st day of the menstrual cycle, and taken for 5 days consecutively.

　　2. Sequential induction of ovulation with estrogen and progesterone

　　It is suitable for women with infrequent ovulation. Generally, endometrial withdrawal bleeding occurs 2 to 7 days after stopping the medicine, which is a course of treatment. Treatment for the second course is started from the 5th day of bleeding, and generally 3 or more courses are used consecutively. The menstrual cycle can usually recover naturally and ovulation occurs.

　　3. Estrogen induction of ovulation

　　The principle is to give a large dose of estrogen in a short period of time, which can promote the secretion of luteinizing hormone by the pituitary gland and induce ovulation. Ethinyl estradiol is taken orally from the 8th to the 10th day of the menstrual cycle, 5 mg each time, once every 6 hours, a total of 20 mg, or 2 mg of fast estradiol, taken in divided doses within 24 hours.

　　4. Combined induction of ovulation with estrogen and progesterone

　　From the 5th to the 25th day of the menstrual cycle, take 0.03 to 0.05 mg of fast estradiol and 5 to 10 mg of norethindrone orally daily, and stop taking the medicine after 3 to 6 cycles. After stopping the medicine, ovarian rebound ovulation may occur, and the effective rate is up to 20%.