Hydrosalpinx

　　The causes of ovarian cysts are often acute in nature. Inflammation causes adhesions at the ostium and isthmus of the fallopian tube, and inflammatory secretions cannot be discharged, accumulating to form tubal abscesses. Pure ovarian abscesses are relatively rare. Ovarian abscesses are often caused by acute salpingitis. If acute salpingitis occurs and the ostium of the fallopian tube has not yet closed, the purulent secretions can flow into the pelvis through the ostium, causing widespread adhesions of pelvic organs, with the fallopian tube and ovary surrounded by them. Over time, they gradually transform into tubal ovarian cysts.

　　1. According to traditional Chinese medicine:Tubal ovarian cysts are often caused by deficiency and invasion of pathogenic factors such as damp-heat and cold-dampness after menses or postpartum. Due to inadequate or incomplete treatment, the pathogenic factors linger and combine with the Qi and blood of the Chong and Ren meridians to form blood stasis.

　　2. Western View:When tubal inflammation affects the ovary, the fallopian tube and ovary become adherent to each other, which can also develop from tubal ovarian cysts in the acute stage.

　　(1) There are usually no obvious systemic symptoms, but there may be symptoms such as unilateral or bilateral lower abdominal distension and backache, which often worsen during fatigue, sexual intercourse, or during the menstrual period.

　　(2) There may be a history.

　　(3) It is often discovered during gynecological examination or B-ultrasound.

　　(4) There is usually a history of acute pelvic inflammatory disease.

　　1. Infertility

　　When tubal cysts grow to a certain stage, they can cause adhesions and occlusion of the fallopian tube, disrupting the normal physiological function of the fallopian tube, leading to secondary infertility.

　　2. Ectopic Pregnancy

　　Tubal cysts can cause occlusion of the lumen, cysts, or adhesions, which can obstruct the movement of sperm, eggs, or fertilized eggs, leading to obstacles in the fertilized egg reaching the uterine cavity and causing ectopic pregnancy. In cases of ectopic pregnancy, the rupture of the fallopian tube and massive bleeding can be life-threatening.

　　3. Cancer

　　Long-term growth of tubal cysts can lead to deterioration and even cancer of the cysts. Statistics show that the incidence of ovarian cancer and tubal cancer in patients with tubal cysts is much higher than that in the general population.

　　1. Vaginal Discharge

　　About 50% of patients with tubal cysts have vaginal discharge, which is a yellow, watery fluid, usually odorless, with varying amounts and often intermittent. This is the most characteristic symptom of the disease.

　　2. Vaginal Bleeding

　　Tubal cysts often occur in the middle of the menstrual cycle or after menopause, characterized by irregular and small amounts of bleeding, and hysteroscopy often shows negative results.

　　3. Abdominal Pain

　　Tubal cysts usually cause dull pain in the lower abdomen on the affected side, which is due to the enlargement of the fallopian tube. Sometimes, it presents with intermittent colicky pain, caused by spasmodic contractions of the fallopian tube. After a large amount of fluid is discharged from the vagina, the pain subsides accordingly. A few cases may experience severe abdominal pain, which is due to complications.

　　4, Abdominal mass

　　During gynecological examination, patients with fallopian tube cysts often feel thickening or masses on one or both sides of the fallopian tube. They have a solid texture with cystic sensation, appearing as sausages or irregular shapes, with slight tenderness and limited activity. The mass shrinks after fluid discharge. The mass becomes larger again after fluid accumulation.

　　1, Regular gynecological examination:Women should also pay attention to regular gynecological examinations in their daily lives, regardless of whether there are any自觉 abnormal symptoms, gynecological examinations should be taken seriously, and regular gynecological examinations should be performed to help detect any abnormalities early, and if there are any, treatment can be given in a timely manner.

　　2, Pay attention to diet:In terms of diet, attention should be paid to scientific diet, maintain a balanced and appropriate intake of nutrition, and at the same time, light and bland diet is recommended, avoiding overeating of spicy and刺激性 foods, correcting malnutrition and bad eating habits.

　　3, Regular lifestyle:Women should also pay attention to a regular lifestyle in their daily lives, maintain sufficient sleep, avoid frequent staying up late, all-nighters, overwork, and develop good living habits.

　　4, Physical exercise:Maintain appropriate physical exercise and combine work and rest, strengthen physical fitness in daily life.

　　One, Irrigation (infusion) examination

　　Fallopian tube irrigation involves connecting a tube to the uterine cavity of the examinee, then injecting 20ml of medication through the tube, which is generally physiological saline plus antibiotics. The medication flows from the uterine cavity through the fallopian tube and finally reaches the pelvic cavity. During the injection process, if the entire 20ml solution can be injected smoothly without resistance, and no fluid flows back into the syringe after the syringe is released, it indicates that the solution has passed through the uterine cavity, the fallopian tube cavity, and entered the abdominal cavity, indicating that the fallopian tube is patent; if there is a lot of resistance, and more than 10ml of solution flows back into the syringe after the syringe is released, it indicates that the fallopian tube is blocked; if there is resistance, but most of the fluid can still be injected, and only a small amount of reflux occurs, it indicates that the fallopian tube is patent but not smooth.

　　Two, Fallopian tube contrast examination

　　Uterine fallopian tube contrast imaging can be seen on the fluorescent screen and X-ray film to see the size, shape, and position of the uterine cavity, and the shape of the fallopian tube.

　　For those with patency, the image extends to the outside of the fimbria of the fallopian tube, and the diffusion of the contrast agent in the pelvic cavity can also be seen on the X-ray film. If there are symptoms of fallopian tube blockage, the location, degree, and nature of the blockage can be clearly displayed. This method can also identify the condition of the endometrium, the condition of the fallopian tube and pelvic tuberculosis, and is currently the most reliable method for diagnosing the patency of the fallopian tube.

　　Three, Laparoscopic examination

　　By injecting a dye solution such as methylene blue into the uterine cavity through a uterine catheter, the dye can be observed to overflow into the pelvic cavity through the fimbria of the fallopian tube by laparoscopy, indicating patency; if there is a blockage near the proximal end of the fallopian tube (interstitial and isthmus), the methylene blue solution cannot be seen overflowing into the abdominal cavity through the fimbria of the fallopian tube; if the blockage is at the distal end of the fallopian tube (ampulla and fimbria), the fimbria of the fallopian tube will appear thickened and blue-stained, but there will be no fluid flow from the fimbria into the abdominal cavity, which can be considered as a blockage of the fallopian tube.

　　Suitable For:

　　Diet should be light, eat more fresh fruits and vegetables, and drink more water.

　　Not Suitable For:

　　Do not eat spicy,刺激性, greasy foods, as these foods will trigger the condition and make the condition worse. Patients eating these foods during treatment will affect the treatment and make the treatment ineffective or less effective.

　　The treatment method for tubal cysts, currently the only treatment method for tubal cysts is surgery. Tubal cysts are a type of adnexal cysts, often caused by inflammatory stimulation. If the cyst is small, there is no need for surgical treatment and it can be closely observed. If the growth rate is relatively fast, surgical treatment should be considered. Currently, the treatment plan for ovarian horn hydrosalpinx is: first, perform laparotomy or laparoscopic ostomy of the ovarian horn 3-7 days after the menstrual period, with a success rate of about 20%; second, perform in vitro fertilization, with a success rate of about 20%. Tubal ostomy is suitable for patients with patent proximal fallopian tube and hydrosalpinx or obstruction at the distal end.

　　Surgical Method

　　The operation of tubal ostomy under laparoscopy first fully frees the fallopian tube from adhesions with other tissues. Perform tubal hydrotubation through the cervix to make the distal closed fallopian tube ostium dilated, and fix the fallopian tube at the fundus of the uterus with a non-invasive forceps. As much as possible, make a cross incision at the original opening of the fallopian tube using carbon dioxide laser or a microscissors. If the original opening cannot be identified, make a 'cross' incision at the thinnest and avascular area of the fallopian tube wall. Place the forceps into the incision and open and close it several times until the size of the incision is satisfactory. Try to orient the incision towards the ovary to facilitate egg collection in the future. Grasp the endometrium of the fallopian tube at the new incision site with non-traumatic forceps, causing it to flip outwards. To keep the incised flap in an outward flipped state and prevent re-adhesion of the new incision, use defocused laser or low-power micro-bipolar electrocoagulation to treat the serosal surface of the newly incised flap. This causes the superficial tissue to wrinkle and achieves the purpose of flipping the edge outwards. It can also be sutured directly with 4-0 absorbable suture to flip the incised flap outwards and suture it to the serosal surface of the fallopian tube. Continuously flush the wound with heparinized Ringer's lactate solution (5000U/L) during the operation. At the end of the operation, the pelvis can be filled with Ringer's lactate solution, sodium hyaluronate, and antibiotics, corticosteroids, antispasmodics, and other drugs to prevent adhesion.