Cervical hypertrophy

　　The causes of cervical hypertrophy include: inflammation stimulation, excessive childbirth or repeated infection during the postpartum period, leading to incomplete uterine involution. In addition, ovarian dysfunction, excessive estrogen secretion, long-term stimulation, chronic adnexitis or uterine实质性 inflammation, pelvic congestion, or hardening of uterine muscle layer blood vessels can also lead to hypertrophy of the uterine muscle layer.

　　It is mainly divided into the following reasons:

　　(1) Inflammation-induced: Commonly seen include chronic adnexitis, pelvic fascitis, and chronic myometritis of the uterus. These inflammations can all lead to congestion and edema of the cervix, hyperplasia of glands and stroma, and varying degrees of hypertrophy of the cervix;

　　(2) Chronic inflammation caused by long-term stimulation: cervical erosion, chronic adnexitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, etc., can lead to hyperplasia of collagen fibers in the uterine muscle layer, causing the cervix to become congested and edematous, and the glands and stroma to proliferate, resulting in varying degrees of hypertrophy of the cervix;

　　20. (3) Cystic influence: Deep in the cervical glands, there may be mucous retention due to certain factors, forming cysts of different sizes, which can also lead to cervical hypertrophy;

　　19. (4) Ovarian dysfunction: Continuous stimulation of estrogen can thicken the uterine muscle layer. Clinically, patients with functional uterine bleeding, especially those with a long course, often have varying degrees of uterine enlargement.

　　16. 1. Severe cervical hypertrophy can lead to infertility: Although mild cervical hypertrophy has little effect on fertility, not treating it in time will worsen the condition. The cervix is the necessary passage for sperm to enter the uterine cavity, and the health of the cervix also relates to delivery. If the cervix is infected with inflammation and develops into cervical hypertrophy, the surrounding tissue and environment of the cervix will be filled with a large amount of inflammatory secretions, and white blood cells will phagocytize sperm, which will affect the sperms' penetration into the uterine cavity for fertilization, causing infertility.

　　15. 2. Affect the quality of sexual life: Women with severe cervical hypertrophy may have purulent leukorrhea, and it is usually accompanied by an unpleasant smell. In this case, sexual life may bring inconvenience or even distress to women. If cervical hypertrophy persists, it generally leads to the formation of cervical polyps and other lesions, and there may be pain and bleeding during sexual life, which are serious harms to the couple's feelings.

　　14. 3. Cause various complications: The late stage of cervical hypertrophy can cause endometritis, salpingo-ovarian inflammation, salpingal adhesion and other symptoms, which can lead to female infertility. In addition, pregnant women due to hormone changes may find it difficult to judge whether the cervix is hypertrophic, which may affect the delivery of women.

　　13. 4. Cervical cancer transformation: Cervical hypertrophy is caused by long-term chronic inflammation, and when women find that they have cervical hypertrophy, they should go to the hospital for treatment in time. Because under the long-term stimulation of inflammation, inflammation not only causes cervical hypertrophy but also triggers other gynecological diseases. Severe conditions may lead to the possibility of cervical cancer transformation.

　　10. The main symptoms are as follows:

　　9. 1. Cervical hypertrophy usually has no obvious symptoms in the early stage of onset, and is only manifested as excessive menstruation;

　　8. Cervical hypertrophy is also a manifestation of cervical inflammation, so there may be abnormal leukorrhea, mainly manifested as changes in the amount and characteristics of leukorrhea;

　　7. There may be bleeding after sexual contact, and there may be an increase in menstrual blood volume during the menstrual period, as well as irregular vaginal bleeding outside the menstrual period;

　　6. During the acute attack, there may be symptoms such as lower abdominal pain and discomfort in the lumbar region. When cervical hypertrophy is not treated for a long time or treatment is delayed, the inflammation will spread to the pelvic area, and these discomforts will also worsen accordingly;

　　5. Infertility is also one of the symptoms. The persistent symptoms of cervical hypertrophy, such as thick, purulent leukorrhea, are not conducive to sperm penetration and can cause infertility.

　　1. Pay attention to hygiene. For women with gynecological diseases, the underwear, used bathtubs, towels, etc. should be disinfected by boiling in hot water; both men and women should actively treat athletes' foot if they have it.

　　2. Reasonably rinse the vagina once a week to avoid bacterial infection caused by dysbiosis of the flora.

　　3. If there is vulvovaginitis, stop sexual life. This disease may be concurrent with trichomoniasis, so it should be checked whether there is a trichomoniasis infection.

　　4. Malnutrition, physical weakness, or patients with chronic diseases should pay close attention to whether there is other parts of the body with fungal infection, and improve the body's resistance.

　　5. Pay attention to the sterilization of daily necessities: It is necessary to pay attention to the hygiene of daily necessities, such as, used bathtubs, towels, etc., should be boiled with hot water for sterilization.

　　6. Pay attention to sexual health: In order to prevent cervical hypertrophy, women also need to pay attention to the hygiene of sexual life. It is necessary to avoid unhealthy sexual life and stop sexual life during the treatment of cervical hypertrophy to avoid infection.

　　7. Women should do a good job of family planning. If they have an unintended pregnancy and have an abortion, they should avoid infection after abortion. Women with poor uterine contraction after childbirth should receive timely treatment at the hospital.

　　8. Avoid postoperative bacterial infection: Women should pay attention to rest and adjustment after gynecological surgery because their body resistance is very poor at this time, and bacteria are easy to invade the vagina, causing infection.

　　1. Gynecological examination: This examination method mainly checks the size, shape, and texture of the cervix, and should also observe whether there are symptoms of contact bleeding in the cervical area of women, and then check the condition of the vulva and vagina.

　　2. Ultrasound: Ultrasound indicates that the transverse diameter of the cervix is 3.7-4.2cm is moderate hypertrophy, more than 4.2cm is severe hypertrophy, and the cervix is hypertrophied visually but not indicated by ultrasound is mild hypertrophy.

　　3. Colposcopy: Colposcopy is a commonly used examination method. This examination method can make a detailed observation of the cervix, usually able to observe slight changes that cannot be seen with the naked eye, and can also perform localization biopsy under the colposcope to improve the detection rate of positive cases, and thus assist in the early discovery of lesions in clinical practice.

　　4. Cervical smear examination: Cervical hypertrophy is a common cervical disease. If women have early symptoms of cervical hypertrophy in their daily lives, they can go to the hospital for a cervical smear examination. However, cervical scraping is subject to many objective conditions, so if only a single scraping examination is performed, the proportion of false positives is very high.

　　Do not eat greasy

　　There are many dietary precautions for patients with cervical hypertrophy, the most important of which is not to eat greasy, spicy, and刺激性 food, and the daily diet should be high in protein. This is also one of the dietary precautions for cervical hypertrophy.

　　Eat more vegetables

　　In daily life, it is necessary to eat more vegetables and fruits, such as: winter melon, kelp, celery, cucumber, green vegetables, tofu, asparagus, cabbage, etc. This is one of the dietary precautions for cervical hypertrophy.

　　Improve resistance

　　Not only attention should be paid to dietary regulation, but also close attention should be paid to whether there are other parts of the body infected with malnutrition, physical weakness, or chronic diseases (such as diabetes), actively control the primary disease, and improve the body's resistance. The dietary precautions for cervical hypertrophy are particularly important.

　　The diet of patients with cervical hypertrophy must be light, and they should not eat easily irritant, greasy, spicy, and刺激性 food. It is recommended to adopt some high-protein, low-fat foods. Eat more vegetables and fruits in daily life, such as winter melon, kelp, celery, cucumber, green vegetables, tofu, asparagus, and cabbage.

　　I. Surgical Treatment:The surface of the enlarged cervix appears to shed squamous epithelium and hyperplasia of columnar epithelium due to injury or inflammation stimulation, forming erosion. Among them, inflammation such as severe cervicitis can cause endometritis, salpingo-oophoritis, tubal adhesion, and obstruction, which can lead to infertility and sterility. In this case, surgical treatment is needed.

　　1. The commonly used clinical LEEP knife minimally invasive surgery can comprehensively remove the cervical lesion surface, retain a complete and continuous specimen for pathological tissue examination, and can discover the situation of cervical malignancy early and accurately. After the operation, the complete uterus is preserved, which does not affect the patient's fertility.

　　2. Laser therapy. Laser therapy can cause carbonization and scab formation of the erosion tissue, thus healing.

　　3. Electrotomy. By the heat of the iron, the erosion surface tissue of the cervix is coagulated to form scabs, and after about two weeks, the scabs begin to fall off, and the wound heals.

　　4. Cryotherapy. Generally, liquid nitrogen is used as a rapid cooling agent to make a cooling device, place the probe on the erosion surface for 1-3 minutes, remove it after natural warming, and make the lesion tissue necrotic.

　　II. Drug Treatment:It mainly uses lavage liquids, oral medications, and suppositories, but it is not recommended to use lavage liquids at any time for women. Because higher concentrations of acidic or alkaline lavage liquids will only destroy the natural defense line inside the female vagina, affecting the growth of normal flora, and thus the resistance of the vagina will decrease, leading to inflammation.

　　It is recommended to keep the vulva clean, often use 1:5000 potassium permanganate solution for sitting bath, change underwear frequently, and temporarily prohibit sexual intercourse and bathtub use after taking medication. Those with more mucus can use a small amount of baking soda water for cleaning, or 5% potassium dichromate, 20% to 40% silver nitrate. Western medicine treatment is effective quickly, but the disadvantage is that it is prone to recurrence.