Uterine malformation

　　During the formation and differentiation of female reproductive organs, due to certain endogenous factors (such as chromosome non-separation of germ cells, mosaicism, karyotype abnormalities, etc.) or exogenous factors (such as the use of sex hormone drugs, etc.), the differentiation, development, fusion of primordial reproductive organs, canalization, and development of ducts may be altered, leading to various developmental abnormalities. Abnormalities caused by incomplete development of mesonephric duct derivatives may result in abnormal development of the uterus and fallopian tubes, such as absence of uterus, absence of vagina, primordial uterus, underdeveloped uterus, unicorne uterus, etc. The fusion disorders of mesonephric duct derivatives may lead to double uterus, bicornuate uterus, saddle-shaped uterus, and septate uterus, etc.

　　1. Vaginal septum:The vaginal septum is formed due to the incomplete disappearance of the septum after the fusion of the bilateral mesonephric ducts. The septum usually attaches to the median line of the anterior and posterior vaginal walls, running longitudinally, and can be classified into partial and complete types. The latter forms a double vagina, often accompanied by double cervix and double uterus.

　　2. Vaginal oblique septum:The vaginal oblique septum originates between the two cervixes, deviating from the median line obliquely towards the distal end, merging with the lateral vaginal wall to form one vaginal cavity with a blind end. Most often, there is a double uterus and double cervix malformation. Generally, there is a small hole with a diameter of several millimeters at the distal end of the septum, through which menstrual blood drainage is not smooth, leading to black blood oozing out continuously through the hole, which is easy to misdiagnose as irregular menstruation.

　　3、不孕症：医学定义为一年未采取任何避孕措施，性生活正常而没有成功妊娠。根据这种严格的定义，不孕是一种常见的问题，大约影响到至少10-15％的育龄夫妇。引起不孕的发病原因分为男性不孕和女性不孕。

　　What are the typical symptoms of uterine malformations

　　Clinical manifestations

　　Some patients with uterine malformations may have no自觉 symptoms, and menstrual periods, sexual life, pregnancy, delivery, etc., also show no abnormalities, so they may never be discovered or discovered occasionally during physical examination. However, some patients' reproductive system function is affected to varying degrees, and symptoms appear when they reach sexual maturity, after marriage, or during pregnancy and childbirth, and are discovered only then. The main symptoms include:1. Menstrual abnormalities:

　　Patients with congenital absence of uterus or primordial uterus have no menstruation. Patients with infantile uterus may have no menstruation, or have symptoms such as oligomenorrhea, delayed menstruation, dysmenorrhea, irregular menstrual periods, etc.; patients with bicornuate uterus or bicorneate uterus often have excessive menstrual volume and prolonged menstrual period.2. Infertility:

　　Infertile patients with absent uterus, primordial uterus, and infantile uterus often suffer from infertility as one of the main causes.3. Pathological pregnancy:

　　How to prevent uterine malformations

　　1. Through premarital examination, genetic counseling, and prenatal care to avoid the occurrence of malformations, and can also prevent the birth of malformed infants through amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, ultrasound, and fetal endoscopy, etc. Early diagnosis and intrauterine treatment can reduce the production of malformed infants.

　　3. Pay attention to diet, living environment, and other factors.

　　1. Ultrasound examination:One of the most commonly used obstetric and gynecological examination methods, it uses ultrasonic imaging to show the cross-sectional shape of the examined part and its relationship with surrounding organs.

　　2. Magnetic resonance imaging:Magnetic resonance imaging uses the signals generated by nuclear resonance in a magnetic field to obtain images after reconstruction, and this method is considered to be the best method for examining uterine malformations.

　　3. Hysterosalpingography:Contrast medium is introduced into the uterus and fallopian tubes through a catheter, and then displayed through X-ray imaging, showing the shape of the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes.

　　4. Laparoscopic examination:It is a minimally invasive surgery, which can directly examine the uterus and fallopian tubes through laparoscopy and its camera and imaging system.

　　1.Uterine HypoplasiaEat more

　　1. Adolescents and women of childbearing age should strengthen nutrition and eat more soybeans, cuttlefish, coriander, and other foods.

　　2. In daily life, it is also necessary to eat more pork liver, vegetables, and fruits. If there is poor appetite and a dislike for greasy food, longan, jujube, and brown sugar can be used to make Longan and Jujube Soup for drinking, or longan and red beans can be cooked into congee as a snack.

　　3. In terms of diet, it is appropriate to increase some meat and other food.

　　2.Uterine HypoplasiaAvoid eating

　　1. Avoid eating and drinking spicy foods and drinks such as chili, Sichuan pepper, scallion, garlic, alcohol, and frozen food.

　　2. Avoid eating food with hot properties, blood coagulation, and hormone components such as longan, jujube, ejiao, and royal jelly.

　　3. Treatment of uterine hypoplasia with traditional Chinese and Western medicine

　　Traditional Chinese medicine can use Amomum xanthioides 6 grams,山药(Yam) 10 grams, 白术(Atractylodes macrocephala) 10 grams, 甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis) 10 grams, 仙灵脾(Cinnamomum cassia) 10 grams, 香附(Acorus tatarinowii) 10 grams, 木香(Ligusticum chuanxiong) 10 grams, 熟地(Rehmannia glutinosa) 12 grams, 黄芪(Astragalus membranaceus) 12 grams, 紫河车(Coriolus sinensis) 12 grams, 当归(Angelica sinensis) 12 grams, 山萸肉(Cornus officinalis) 15 grams, 枸杞子(Lycium barbarum) 15 grams, 桑椹子(Morus alba) 15 grams, 茺蔚子(Vitex negundo) 15 grams, decocted for administration.

　　1. Uterine Hypoplasia:A uterus without a uterus or a solid primordial uterus can be untreated. A primordial uterus with periodic abdominal pain or uterine cavity hemorrhage requires surgical resection of the primordial uterus. The immature uterus advocates estrogen and progesterone sequential cycle treatment.

　　2. Unicornuate Uterus:No treatment is required, but during pregnancy, it is necessary to strengthen monitoring to prevent uterine torsion and other conditions. According to its different types, a unicornuate uterus has different treatment methods. If it is a type I unicornuate uterus, no treatment is required even if asymptomatic. Type II unicornuate uterus often has symptoms such as dysmenorrhea, and resection of the corpus uteri is required during surgery, and the ipsilateral fallopian tube needs to be resected at the same time to avoid ectopic pregnancy. Type III unicornuate uterus is asymptomatic and does not require treatment.

　　3. Bicornuate Uterus:Generally, a bicornuate uterus does not require treatment, but when accompanied by a vaginal septum or diagonal septum, a vaginal septum resection surgery is required.

　　4. Bicornuate Uterus:Generally, no special treatment is required, but if a bicornuate uterus has recurrent miscarriage, consideration can be given to uterine correction surgery.

　　5. Uterine Septum:Most of them have no clinical symptoms. Generally, no special treatment is required, but a septate uterus can lead to infertility, with a spontaneous abortion rate of 26-94%, and poor pregnancy outcomes. When a septate uterus affects fertility, hysteroscopic resection of the uterine septum is the main treatment method.