Diarrhea

　　1. Improper diet often due to overeating, eating too much high-fat and high-protein food, excessive drinking of alcohol and cold drinks, or after catching a cold. Or eating spoiled and contaminated food, such as unheated and disinfected leftovers, smelly fish and shrimp, unrefreshed crabs and seafood, meat products stored in the refrigerator for a long time, fermented and deteriorated milk and dairy products. Mainly due to the factors of irritant, cold, and spoiled contaminated food.

　　2. Intestinal infections such as common halophilic bacteria, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Proteus, and Staphylococcus infections, etc.

　　3. Systemic infections such as typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, hepatitis, and sepsis, etc.

　　4. Drug-induced, such as salicylate preparations, arsenic, mercury, and laxatives, etc.

　　5. Some patients may have allergic reactions to food. Acute enteritis is more common in summer, related to hot weather and food spoilage.

　　1. Massive hematochezia:Refers to massive intestinal bleeding within a short period, accompanied by increased pulse, decreased blood pressure, and reduced blood color, requiring blood transfusion treatment.

　　2. Intestinal stenosis:Generally asymptomatic in clinical practice, severe cases may cause intestinal obstruction. When intestinal stenosis occurs in this disease, one should be vigilant for tumors.

　　3. Intestinal perforation:The use of corticosteroids is considered a risk factor for intestinal perforation.

　　4. Toxic dilatation:This is a serious complication of the disease, often occurring in patients with total colitis, with a mortality rate as high as 44%, and prone to complications such as intestinal perforation.

　　5. Colon cancer:About 5% of cases may develop into cancer.

　　6. Diarrhea:Caused by inflammatory stimulation, the severity varies, and diarrhea is the most common symptom of this disease. Mild cases may have diarrhea 3-4 times a day, presenting as soft or paste-like stools, which may contain mucus and pus; severe cases may have diarrhea dozens of times or alternating diarrhea and constipation.

　　7. Abdominal pain:Mild cases may have no abdominal pain or only discomfort. Generally, there is mild to moderate abdominal pain, which is left lower quadrant colicky pain, which may involve the entire abdomen and can be relieved by defecation followed by a desire to defecate.

　　8. Constipation:Constipation for 4-5 days, with defecation once a day, stools resembling sheep dung, and even without laxatives, defecation cannot be achieved.

　　9. Other symptoms:Abdominal distension, weight loss, fatigue, borborygmi, insomnia, frequent dreams, and aversion to cold. In severe cases, fever, accelerated heart rate, weakness, anemia, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and nutritional disorders may occur.

　　1. It usually occurs suddenly a few hours after eating, with diarrhea occurring several times a day up to over ten times, presenting as yellow watery stools mixed with undigested food, without mucus, pus, or blood. Abdominal pain is usually located around the umbilicus, presenting as intermittent dull or colicky pain. Lesions involving the stomach may cause nausea and discomfort in the upper abdomen. Accompanied by systemic symptoms such as fever, headache, malaise, and weakness in the limbs. Severe cases may experience dehydration, acidosis, and even shock.

　　2. Acute enteritis can cause symptoms in various parts of the body. Generally speaking, we can observe from the following three aspects: gastrointestinal symptoms, systemic symptoms, and signs. The symptoms of acute enteritis are as follows: Gastrointestinal symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea are the main symptoms of acute enteritis. Vomiting is sudden onset, usually preceded by nausea, followed by vomiting, and the vomit is mostly gastric contents. Severe cases may vomit bile or bloody matter. Abdominal pain is most common in the middle and upper abdomen, and severe cases may present as paroxysmal colic. Diarrhea is manifested as watery stools, occurring several to dozens of times a day, with foul odor, mostly deep yellow or green stools, rarely with pus and blood, without a sense of urgency. Systemic symptoms: Generally, systemic symptoms are mild, and severe patients may have symptoms such as fever, dehydration, acidosis, shock, etc., and occasionally acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding may occur. In terms of signs: In the early stage or mild cases of enteritis, there may be no signs. During physical examination, there may be mild tenderness in the upper abdomen or around the umbilicus, and bowel sounds are often significantly increased. Generally, patients with acute enteritis have a short course and can recover spontaneously within a few days. By noticing these symptoms, we can treat acute enteritis in time, thus avoiding unnecessary trouble caused by delayed treatment.

　　1. Improper diet

　　Commonly caused by overeating, eating too much high-fat and high-protein food, excessive drinking of alcohol and cold drinks, or catching a cold. Or eating spoiled and contaminated food, such as unheated and disinfected leftover food, smelly fish and shrimp, unrefrigerated crabs and seafood, meat products stored in the refrigerator for a long time, fermented and deteriorated milk and dairy products. Mainly due to irritant, cold, and spoiled contaminated food factors.

　　2. Intestinal infection

　　Such as common halophilic bacteria, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Proteus, and Staphylococcus infections, etc.

　　3. Systemic infection

　　Such as typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, hepatitis, and sepsis, etc.

　　4. Drug-induced

　　Such as salicylate preparations, arsenic, mercury, and laxatives, etc.

　　5. Some patients may have allergic reactions to food.

　　Acute enteritis is more common in summer, which is related to hot weather and food spoilage.

　　For acute diarrhea, in addition to relying on clinical manifestations, auxiliary examinations are also needed for diagnosis. In the early stage or mild cases of enteritis, there may be no signs. During physical examination, there may be mild tenderness in the upper abdomen or around the umbilicus, and bowel sounds are often significantly increased.

　　Section 1: Dietetic Recipes

　　1. Prescription: Crush 400 grams of fresh pine leaves and decoct them with two and a half bowls of water to make a concentrated decoction, taken twice, once an hour. Indications: Vomiting and diarrhea with stool resembling water, abdominal rumbling.

　　2. Prescription: A pinch of roasted salt. Method of use: Mix half a cup of cold water with half a cup of hot water, adjust with roasted salt for drinking. Indications: Inability to vomit or defecate, severe epigastric and abdominal pain.

　　3. Prescription: Two plums, 100ML honey. Method of use: Boil the plums in a bowl of water for several boils and add honey to adjust and take it. Indications: Vomiting and diarrhea, thirst.

　　4. Prescription: Twenty white scallions, thirty dates. Method of use: Boil the above two ingredients in a bowl of water for several boils and take it all at once. Indications: Vomiting and diarrhea, irritability.

　　Section 2: Dietary Principles

　　In terms of diet, it is necessary to follow the principles of easy digestion, low stimulation, moderate warmth, rich nutrition, eating small and frequent meals, and timely water supplementation! In the early stage of enteritis: it is the stage of acute congestion, edema, inflammation, and exudation of the intestines. At this time, the intestinal motility is active or in a spastic state, and its digestive and absorptive functions are relatively weak. Therefore, within 8-12 hours after the onset, patients can eat liquid foods such as congee, lotus root powder, egg paste, thin noodles, and stewed thin noodles. If diarrhea is severe or sweating is excessive, appropriate amounts of soup should be given to the patient, such as rice gruel, vegetable soup, fruit juice, and dilute salted water, to supplement the deficiency of water, vitamins, and electrolytes in the body.

　　Three, the improvement period of enteritis

　　1. Give patients easy-to-digest and nutritious liquid or semi-liquid foods, such as congee, thin noodles, steamed egg custard, salted biscuits, etc. It is advisable to adopt the method of eating small and frequent meals, with 4-5 meals a day. It should be noted that milk and a large amount of sugar should not be consumed at this time, as these foods are prone to fermentation in the intestines, producing a large amount of gas, causing abdominal distension and pain, and increasing the patient's suffering!

　　2. In addition, milk contains a lot of fat, which has the effect of lubricating the intestines and enhancing intestinal motility, which may increase the burden on the intestines and be detrimental to the condition.

　　Four, the recovery period of enteritis

　　1. Due to the pathological and physiological changes of the gastrointestinal tract, especially the intestines, acute gastroenteritis is an emergency, but it requires daily gradual nourishment to be completely cured. After taking medication and resting in bed, the acute symptoms of acute gastroenteritis disappear, but this does not mean that the digestive tract function has completely returned to normal. It is still necessary to adjust from multiple aspects such as diet to 'nourish' the gastrointestinal tract to a healthy state.

　　2. Avoid greasy foods in diet, and avoid drinking alcohol, strong tea, coffee, to prevent the gastrointestinal tract that has not yet recovered from function from becoming overloaded and developing into chronic gastrointestinal diseases.

　　3. Eat less spicy and rough foods, and avoid overeating.

　　4. Avoid overeating at each meal of the three meals a day. It is not recommended to have more frequent meals to avoid increasing the burden on the stomach. Start with relatively light liquid and semi-liquid foods, such as congee, porridge, fresh fruit juice, and gradually increase some protein foods, but avoid greasy and fried foods. It is advisable to start with small amounts of food, and only begin normal eating after the gastrointestinal function is restored.

　　The mucosal membrane of the gastrointestinal tract is congested, edematous, and exudative, with a yellowish exudate or mucus covering the surface, which may present as localized or diffuse lesions. There may be erosions and bleeding spots on the mucosal folds. If the superficial epithelial cells necrose and desquamate, and the固有膜vessels are damaged, bleeding and plasma extravasation occur, often with infiltration of neutrophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and a small number of eosinophils. In severe cases, the submucosal layer may also be congested and edematous. During salmonellosis enteritis, the small intestine is the main site of lesion, but it may also involve the colon, causing dysentery-like symptoms. Salmonella is invasive, causing mucosal inflammatory reactions, accompanied by infiltration of neutrophils in the submucosa, sometimes extending to the lamina propria. Inflammatory cells produce and release prostaglandins, increasing the activity of adenylate cyclase. Salmonella secretes enterotoxins, directly stimulating the adenylate cyclase system, greatly increasing the secretion capacity of intestinal fluid, exceeding the intestinal reabsorption capacity, causing diarrhea.

　　What factors are related to the onset of acute enteritis?

　　1. Bacterial and Toxin Infection

　　(1) The most common infections are Salmonella and halophilic bacteria (Vibrio parahaemolyticus), with toxins commonly from Staphylococcus aureus, and viruses can also be seen. There are often cases of collective onset or multiple cases in families. If contaminated poultry, livestock meat, fish, or shellfish such as crabs and snails grown by halophilic bacteria, or leftover dishes and meals contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus are eaten, this disease may be induced. In China, the incidence rate is higher in summer and autumn, with no gender difference, and the general incubation period is 12-36 hours.

　　(2) Salmonella is the main pathogen causing acute gastroenteritis, among which Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella choleraesuis, Salmonella gallinarum, and Salmonella anatidae are more common. The factors causing acute enteritis are often bacterial and toxic infections, with Salmonella and halophilic bacteria (Vibrio parahaemolyticus) infections being the most common, with toxins commonly from Staphylococcus aureus, and viruses can also be seen. There are often cases of collective onset or multiple cases in families. If contaminated poultry, livestock meat, fish, or shellfish such as crabs and snails grown by halophilic bacteria, or leftover dishes and meals contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus are eaten, this disease may be induced.

　　2. Physical and Chemical Factors

　　Consuming raw and cold foods or certain drugs such as salicylates, sulfonamides, certain antibiotics, etc.; or accidentally ingesting strong acids, alkalis, and pesticides can cause this disease.