Viral enteritis

　　The causes of viral enteritis mainly include the following:

　　1. Environmental factors

　　The transmission routes of viral enteritis mainly include person-to-person transmission, fecal-oral or oral-oral transmission, and may also occur through water source contamination or respiratory transmission. Acute gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus (epidemic diarrhea) often presents as water-type outbreaks, and can also be transmitted through daily contact.

　　2、病毒感染

　普通轮状病毒主要侵犯婴幼儿，以9～12月龄发病率最高，6月龄以下少见。成人腹泻轮状病毒则普遍易感，但主要在青壮年中造成流行。

　　3、气候因素

　　2. Viral infection

　　2. Viral enteritis has a distinct seasonal onset. The peak occurs during the cold season of autumn and winter (December to February), but the seasonality is not obvious in tropical regions. Rotavirus diarrhea in adults can occur throughout the year, but outbreaks in China usually occur from April to July.

　　What complications are easy to cause viral enteritis

　　The complications of viral enteritis mainly include the following:

　　1. Toxic megacolon

　　Toxic megacolon most often occurs in patients with total colitis, with a mortality rate as high as 44%, and it is also prone to complications such as intestinal perforation, which is mostly severe.

　　2. Fecal hemorrhage

　　The amount of fecal hemorrhage is also an indicator of the severity of the disease. In addition, long-term chronic bleeding can easily lead to iron deficiency anemia, and it is necessary to pay attention to timely blood transfusion treatment at this time.

　　What are the typical symptoms of viral enteritis

　　Viral enteritis should be detected and isolated early, and the feces of patients should be disinfected. There should be strict disinfection and isolation procedures in nurseries, and breastfeeding of infants is encouraged. Oral administration of attenuated vaccines containing all types of rotavirus to children aged 6-24 months can stimulate the local production of IgA antibodies, which is currently the most effective preventive measure.

　　In the diagnosis of viral enteritis, in addition to relying on clinical manifestations, chemical tests are also required. The main methods of examination include the following:

　　One, Blood routine

　　The total white blood cell count and classification in peripheral blood are mostly normal, with a few slightly elevated, and an increase in lymphocytes.

　　Two, Routine stool examination and stool culture microscopy

　　Most cases show no special findings, while a few may show a small number of white blood cells, and no pathogenic bacteria grow in culture.

　　Three, Specific diagnostic tests

　　1. Direct or immunoelectron microscopy of feces can detect rotavirus particles.

　　2. Detection of viral antigens in the supernatant of feces using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or immunoenzyme spot assay has high sensitivity and specificity.

　　3. Extracting viral RNA from feces for polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining can detect the RNA electrophoresis pattern of rotavirus, which has diagnostic value and can differentiate between infections by different types of viruses.

　　4. Serological detection. Specific IgM antibodies can be detected in the blood 5 days after infection, which is helpful for the diagnosis of the disease.

　　In terms of diet, viral enteritis patients should pay attention to the following points:

　　1. Foods should be easy to digest, soft, low in residue, and non-irritating. Low-residue foods can reduce intestinal peristalsis and alleviate diarrhea. Foods such as eggs, thin noodles, and porridge can be eaten.

　　2. To improve the nutritional status and intestinal environment, high-protein and high-calorie diets should be provided after the symptoms are relieved, and foods rich in vitamins, inorganic salts, and trace elements should also be supplied, especially foods rich in vitamin C and vitamin B, to supplement strength and nourish the body.

　　3. Appropriately control fat. Do not use foods with a lot of oil and fried foods in the diet. Use less oil in cooking and adopt methods such as steaming, boiling, braising, and stewing. Avoid eating foods with a lot of fat such as lard, mutton fat, butter, beef fat, and walnuts, in order to prevent the aggravation of diarrhea.

　　4. Avoid cold and raw fruits and vegetables. Most patients have weak spleen and stomach, and weakened kidney yang. If they eat too many cold and raw foods or cold fruits and vegetables, it will further damage the spleen and kidney yang, make the movement of the spleen and stomach weak, and retain cold and dampness inside. At the same time, these foods themselves are slippery and will aggravate diarrhea and abdominal pain.

　　In the treatment of viral enteritis, traditional Chinese medicine is mainly divided into the following two types:

　　1. Cold-damp type

　　Main Symptoms:Diarrhea with clear and thin stools, or even watery, abdominal pain and bowel sounds, chest oppression and nausea, or accompanied by aversion to cold and fever, headache and nasal congestion, limb aches, thin white or slightly greasy tongue coating, soft and slow pulse.

　　Therapeutic Method:Aromatic transformation of dampness, dispersing the exterior and dispelling cold.

　　Prescription:Huoxiang Zhengqi Powder with modifications.

　　Composition:Huoxiang 10g, Houpu 6g, Chenpi 10g, Fuling 10g, Cangzhu 10g, Fashai 10g, Yiyiren 15g, Baizhi 10g, Cheqianzi 10g, Gancao 3g.

　　2. Damp-heat type

　　Main Symptoms:Diarrhea with abdominal pain, urgent defecation, or defecation without comfort, yellow-brown feces, burning sensation at the anus, restlessness and thirst, yellow greasy tongue coating, soft and rapid or slippery and rapid pulse.

　　Therapeutic Method:Clear heat and transform dampness, raise the clear and lower the turbid.

　　Prescription:Gancao Qinglian Decoction with modifications.

　　Composition:Gancao log, Huanglian 3g, Huangqin log, Yinhua 10g, Fuling 10g, Shengqu log, Cheqianzi log, Gancao 3g.