Benign gastric tumors

　　Benign gastric tumors account for about 3% of gastric tumors and are divided into two categories based on their source: one originates from adenomas or polypoid adenomas of the gastric mucosal epithelial tissue. Their occurrence is related to the following four factors:

　　1. Some diseases are precancerous lesions of gastric benign tumors, such as gastric polyps, gastric ulcers, atrophic gastritis, about 10% of patients may develop into gastric benign tumors, like patients with pernicious anemia, the incidence of gastric benign tumors is 21.9 times higher than that of the general population. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the diagnosis and treatment of such patients and prevent the occurrence of gastric benign tumors.

　　2. The occurrence of benign gastric tumors is closely related to the patient's lifestyle, occupation, drinking water, and environmental soil.

　　3. The medical community has noticed its familial tendency. For example, patients with multiple colonic polyps have a high incidence of colon cancer, which is called one of the causes of benign gastric tumors. However, whether it is genetic is still a matter of further analysis and research, as it may be caused by the same carcinogenic factors affecting a family living in the same environment. Those with a family history of cancer should pay attention to regular physical examinations and take preventive measures.

　　4. Patients with Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection have a 6-fold higher risk of developing benign gastric tumors than those with negative HP infection. HP can produce ammonia in the stomach: ammonia can neutralize stomach acid, and nitrates in the stomach can be converted into nitrites under alkaline conditions, and nitrites can combine with secondary amines in food to form nitrosamines. The author has measured the vegetables and food in Linpu Town market. The results show that a local pickled vegetable called 'Sheli Hong' contains a particularly high amount of nitrites. Therefore, it is beneficial to eat less 'quick pickled vegetables' in daily life, and the incidence of benign gastric tumors can also be reduced.

　　Benign gastric tumors rarely present with symptoms, and some may develop symptoms due to complications or malignant transformation as the tumor grows larger, accompanied by complications.

　　1. Benign tumors near the cardia can cause dysphagia symptoms.

　　2. Benign tumors in the pyloric area can cause pyloric obstruction or pyloric obstruction phenomenon, or pedunculated adenomas can slip into the pyloric canal and duodenum, most of which can resolve spontaneously, while a few can cause congestion, edema, and even intestinal intussusception, necrosis, and perforation leading to peritonitis.

　　3. If the tumor surface has ulcers, it may cause discomfort, pain, and even bleeding in the stomach.

　　4. Leiomyomas and neurofibromas may cause acute massive hemorrhage.

　　Benign gastric tumors rarely present symptoms. Some may develop symptoms when complications or malignant changes occur due to the growth of the tumor. Common complications include dysphagia due to benign tumors near the esophagus; benign tumors in the pyloric area may cause pyloric obstruction or pyloric obstruction phenomena, or pedunculated adenomas may slip into the pyloric canal and the duodenum, with most cases resolving spontaneously and a few cases may develop congestion, edema, and even intestinal intussusception, necrosis, and perforation, leading to peritonitis. If the tumor shows ulceration, it may cause discomfort, pain, and even bleeding in the stomach. Leiomyomas and neurofibromas may cause acute massive hemorrhage.

　　Benign gastric tumors generally do not have symptoms. Symptoms may appear when the tumor grows larger or becomes malignant, affecting the patient's diet and health. To prevent the occurrence of this disease, the following points should be noted in daily life:

　　1. Improve residents' dietary habits, eat less salt-cured foods, do not eat moldy foods, avoid heavy salt diets. Eat more vegetables and fruits, do not eat hot foods, do not overeat, do not consume excessive amounts of spicy foods, avoid eating rough foods, do not eat when in a bad mood, do not drink excessively, do not smoke, and so on, to prevent the occurrence of gastritis and gastric ulcers.

　　2. Regardless of physical or intellectual labor, one should not overwork, otherwise it may lead to insufficient blood supply to the digestive organs, maladjustment of gastric mucosal secretion, and ultimately, the occurrence of various gastric diseases.

　　3. Chew food slowly and carefully to aid digestion and be good for the stomach. Additionally, attention should be paid to hygiene during meals.

　　4. Strengthen physical exercise to reduce the occurrence of diseases.

　　Benign gastric tumors account for about 3% of gastric tumors. Generally, patients do not have special symptoms, and sometimes subserosal leiomyomas can be palpated as lobulated masses in the abdomen. The following examinations should be performed to diagnose this disease:

　　1. Some patients have a positive occult blood test in their feces. During endoscopy, the gastric antrum mucosa may appear normal, or it may be congested and edematous; sometimes,出血 points, erosions, or superficial ulcers may be seen.

　　2. X-ray gastrointestinal barium meal examination has definite diagnostic value. When the patient is in a prone position and a right lateral position, a variable central filling defect at the bottom of the duodenal bulb can be seen. In typical cases, the pyloric canal may become wider, and the gastric mucosal folds pass through the pyloric canal into the duodenal bulb, causing the duodenal bulb to deform into a 'mushroom' or 'parachute' shape.

　　3. During barium meal examination, a regular semicircular filling defect shadow can be seen in the stomach, with normal mucosal and gastric peristalsis around it.

　　4. Gastric endoscopy and biopsy can confirm the diagnosis.

　　The causes of benign gastric tumors are various, commonly including exposure to cold and wind, drinking alcohol, smoking, eating cold and raw foods, irregular eating habits, overeating and undereating, consuming foods and medicines that irritate the stomach, or emotional excitement, overfatigue, and so on. In terms of diet, the following points should be noted for this disease:

　　1. First and foremost, correct poor eating habits. Eat more light foods, less fatty and sweet foods, and various刺激性 foods, such as those containing alcohol and spices. Be careful to avoid over-acidity, over-sweetness, over-saltiness, over-bitterness, and over-spicyness in food, and do not allow any of the five flavors to be favored excessively. Patients with a smoking habit should quit smoking.

　　2. Diet should be regular and quantified. For patients with long-term gastric benign tumors, three meals a day or additional meals should be regular, with reasonable intervals. Patients with acute gastric benign tumors should try to eat less and more frequently, and should eat less or not eat snacks in their daily life to reduce the burden on the stomach.

　　3. Pay attention to nutritional balance. Daily diet should provide foods rich in vitamins to protect the gastric mucosa and enhance its defensive ability, and promote the repair of local lesions.

　　4. Diet should be soft, warm, and comfortable. Cooking methods should include steaming, boiling, stewing, and braising, and should eat less hard and rough foods. Eat without haste or impatience, allowing food to be fully chewed in the mouth and fully mixed with saliva before slowly swallowing, which is conducive to digestion and post-disease repair. Pay attention to the adjustment of dietary temperature in all seasons, especially for those with spleen and stomach deficiency and cold, who should avoid cold and raw foods. Those with liver depression and qi stagnation should avoid eating immediately after getting angry.

　　In the treatment of gastric benign tumors, traditional Chinese medicine focuses on reinforcing the body's vital energy, and also tonifying the spleen, stomach, and kidneys, especially the stomach Qi. Tonifying Qi commonly uses Astragalus, Atractylodes macrocephala, Radix Adenophorae trachycarpa, and American ginseng, and red ginseng should not be used. Tonifying Qi should be well coordinated with attacking accumulation, and should not be limited to the general situation of attacking evil in the early stage, reinforcing the body in the late stage, and applying both attack and reinforcement in the middle stage. It should be based on the specific condition of the patient to differentiate the importance and urgency.

　　In treating gastric benign tumors, traditional Chinese medicine emphasizes that patients must pay close attention to the diet of gastric benign tumors during treatment and pay appropriate attention to dietary taboos. It is advisable to eat easily digestible, nutritious foods such as milk, meat floss, yam, luffa, lettuce, etc., and avoid all spicy foods and alcohol. Increasing the appetite of gastric benign tumor patients is the key to extending life. All treatment plans for gastric benign tumors should not violate this principle, and treatment is based on the principle of resolving phlegm and blood stasis. Resolving phlegm can be done with seaweed, kelp, Poria, Pinellia, etc., and resolving blood stasis can be done with Smilax glabra, Curcuma, Frankincense, Myrrha, etc.