Αδένωμα της περιελίδου του πρωκτού

　　Causes of perianal abscess

　　1Infections caused by anal fissures, hemorrhoids, anal sinusitis, perianal skin follicle and sweat gland inflammation, and perianal skin diseases can form perianal rectal abscesses. Certain diseases such as: ulcerative colitis, aplastic anemia, general malnutrition, etc., can weaken the body and reduce resistance, thus causing perianal abscesses.

　　2Infectious factors: It is the main cause of this disease. Infections caused by anal fissures, hemorrhoids, anal sinusitis, perianal skin follicle and sweat gland inflammation, and perianal skin diseases can form perianal rectal abscesses. Certain diseases such as ulcerative colitis, aplastic anemia, and general malnutrition can weaken the body and reduce resistance, thus causing perianal abscesses.

　　3Also, it is considered to be iatrogenic factors: internal hemorrhoids inserted with dried hemorrhoids or injection therapy, due to improper operation or unclean medicine, infection forming submucosal abscess. The injection of chemical drugs around the rectum can cause tissue necrosis, causing anal abscess. Sigmoidoscopy can cause peritoneal perforation and infection, causing anal abscess. Local anesthesia infection, or poor absorption of oil solution after injection, can form abscesses.

　　4Postoperative factors: In clinical practice, it is also possible to see infections caused by anorectal surgery leading to perianal abscesses, as well as infections after urinary tract surgery, perineal surgery after childbirth, postoperative infection of tailbone bone marrow inflammation, and other infections causing abscesses.

　　In addition to its clinical manifestations, perianal abscess can also cause other diseases. This disease can cause low anal fistula, ischiorectal abscess, and may cause even greater diseases such as colorectal cancer if not treated.

　　Typical symptoms of perianal abscess

　　Symptoms are mainly redness and hardness of nodules around the anus, fever, and pain. There are chronic and acute types. Persistent severe pain around the anus is exacerbated by pressure or coughing, making walking difficult and sitting or lying uncomfortable. Subsequently, general malaise, fatigue, increased body temperature, decreased appetite, chills, high fever, and other systemic toxic symptoms may occur.

　　Symptoms of systemic infection are not obvious, local examination: the perianal skin is obviously red and swollen with firm nodules and tenderness, which may have a fluctuating sensation. If necessary, puncture can be performed to confirm. If not incised in time, it often breaks down spontaneously to form a low perianal fistula infection. It can also penetrate upwards through the perianal fascia to spread to the ischiorectal fossa. In the early stage, it is sometimes misdiagnosed as thrombosed external hemorrhoids, but the latter has clear boundaries and the surrounding skin has no inflammatory reaction.

　　How to prevent perianal abscess

　　1Actively prevent and treat other anorectal diseases, such as anal sinusitis, anal papilloma hypertrophy, anal fissure, inflammatory hemorrhoids, and rectitis, and timely, correct, and effective treatment can prevent and reduce perianal infection, abscesses, and anal fistulas.

　　2The prevention and treatment of constipation and diarrhea are of great significance in preventing perianal rectal infection. It can avoid and reduce the damage or inflammation of the mucosa and epithelial tissues in the perianal rectal area, and can reduce the incidence of abscesses and anal fistulas.

　　3If perianal rectal infection occurs, it is important to seek medical treatment at a regular hospital as soon as possible and adopt effective anti-infection measures, including systemic and local treatment, to prevent the spread and diffusion of inflammation. Do not believe in quacks or so-called 'ancestral' propaganda and delay diagnosis and treatment.

　　4Maintaining cleanliness and hygiene of the anal area, changing underwear frequently, and persistently washing the anus after each defecation has a positive effect on preventing infection. Avoid diarrhea and constipation, which can stimulate the anal crypts and cause inflammation, leading to perianal abscess. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of constipation and diarrhea are of great significance in preventing the formation of perianal abscesses.

　　5Constipation can cause anal congestion and dry feces to rub against the anus. Some people may wipe the anus repeatedly due to fear of cleanliness, which can cause anal mucosa to prolapse and anal sinuses to be exposed outside the anus during the wiping process, while also receiving mechanical stimulation, leading to congestion and edema, and then infection and inflammation, forming anal sinusitis. Anal sinusitis can develop into anal abscess. Therefore, after defecation, the anus should be washed with warm water, using soft and clean old towels to wipe away the water droplets around the anal skin, rather than wiping the anus, and definitely not using coarse and hard low-quality toilet paper to wipe the anus with force.

　　6It is important to treat systemic diseases that can cause perianal abscesses in a timely manner, such as ulcerative colitis, intestinal tuberculosis, Crohn's disease, etc.

　　7It is advisable to eat less spicy and刺激性 foods, especially in summer, as cold drinks and raw foods often cause diarrhea, leading to the occurrence of abscesses. Regular physical exercise should be done to enhance physical fitness. People who sit or stand for long periods of time are more prone to local circulatory disorders around the anus, reducing local disease resistance and increasing the risk of infection. Therefore, those who sit for long periods of time should actively participate in sports to increase the local disease resistance of the anus. Do not sit on wet ground for a long time, as sitting on grass or wet soil can cool and moisten the anal area, reducing disease resistance and making it easier for pathogenic factors to invade the anus and cause infection.

　　Laboratory tests required for perianal abscess

　　Rectal examination, abscess puncture aspiration, and anal canal ultrasound examination are used. The following are the abnormal manifestations in patients with perianal abscess:

　　1There may be burning pain or jumping pain around the anus, which worsens during defecation or walking, and some may have difficulty urinating.

　　2It may be accompanied by symptoms such as chills, fever, and general malaise.

　　3The count of blood leukocytes and neutrophils increases.

　　4There are hard nodules or masses around the anus, local temperature increase, tenderness, or fluctuation. For abscesses above the levator ani, a palpable tender mass can be felt during rectal examination, and pus can be aspirated through rectal puncture.

　　Dietary Restrictions for Patients with Perianal Abscess

　　The diet should not be too refined, and it is advisable not to eat foods with strong刺激性, as this is beneficial for the excretion of feces. Being in a good mood, regulating diet, abstaining from smoking and drinking, and fruits are indispensable in our lives. When suffering from perianal abscess, one should be selective about fruits, choosing watermelons, apples, pineapples, oranges, pears, etc., which have the effect of moistening the intestines and promoting defecation. Vegetables such as spinach, celery, winter melon, luffa, pumpkin, mung beans, soybeans, rapeseed, chrysanthemum, black fungus, kelp, radish, and lotus root are light and contain a lot of fiber, which can clear heat and detoxify. Regularly using these vegetables can alleviate local swelling and pain around the anus, as well as symptoms of pus and fluid leakage. It should also be noted that when taking medication for perianal abscess, some drugs and foods should not be eaten at the same time. For example, when taking heat-clearing and detoxifying agents, it is forbidden to eat fish, shrimp, lamb, coriander, chives, etc., and it is best not to eat bamboo shoots, dog meat, seafood, and other foods.

　　Αναπτύξτε καλή υγιεινή, αναπτύξτε την習慣 να πλένετε το τοπικό σας μετά από κάθε δίψα, για να αποφύγετε την λοίμωξη.

　　Αφού διαγνωστεί η φλεγμονή της περιελίδου του πρωκτού, πρέπει να γίνει χειρουργική επέμβαση αμέσως, όσο πιο νωρίς είναι η χειρουργική επέμβαση, τόσο καλύτερη είναι η επίδραση. Υπάρχουν δύο τύποι χειρουργικής θεραπείας για την φλεγμονή της περιελίδου του πρωκτού:

　　1Μια άλλη μέθοδος είναι η προηγούμενη αφαίρεση της αδένωσης και η αποχέτευση του πυώδους υγρού, και στη συνέχεια η οριστική χειρουργική επέμβαση όταν ο κύριος κενούς συρρικνώνεται ή γίνεται φλέγμα, η διάρκεια της θεραπείας είναι σχετικά μεγάλη, και αυτή η μέθοδος θεραπείας χρησιμοποιήθηκε συχνά στο παρελθόν.

　　2Εναλλακτική μέθοδος είναι η μια φορά αφαίρεση της αδένωσης του πρωκτού για την οριστική θεραπεία, αποφεύγοντας τον πόνο της δεύτερης χειρουργικής επέμβασης, η διαδικασία θεραπείας είναι σχετικά σύντομη, οπότε αυτή η μέθοδος θεραπείας χρησιμοποιείται συχνά.

　　Δυτικός θεραπευτικός

　　Η φλεγμονή της περιελίδου του πρωκτού είναι κυρίως η αντιβιοτική θεραπεία, η αφαίρεση της αδένωσης και η αποχέτευση του πυώδους υγρού. Μερικές φορές η φλεγμονή της περιελίδου του πρωκτού μπορεί να αποσυμφορηθεί με παραδοσιακά φάρμακα, αντιβιοτικά, θερμές σιτιστικές λουτρά και τοπική θεραπεία, αλλά οι περισσότεροι ασθενείς χρειάζονται χειρουργική αφαίρεση της αδένωσης και την αποχέτευση του πυώδους υγρού για να αποφύγουν τη διασπορά και να μειώσουν τον πόνο του ασθενούς.

　　Κ conservative treatment:

　　Για παράδειγμα, η φλεγμονή της περιελίδου του πρωκτού του νεογνού είναι μια οξεία πυογενής λοίμωξη γύρω από τον πρωκτό και την άνω ουρήθρα του νεογνού, η πηγή της λοίμωξης είναι η συνοικία του ανώτερου ουρητηρίου και του δακτυλικού σωλήνα ενός οργάνου που ονομάζεται σφίγγμα, οι λοιμώξεις είναι κυρίως οι Escherichia coli στα κόπρανα, η λοίμωξη δεν έχει δυνατότητα αυτοθεραπείας, η δέρμα του νεογνού είναι ευαίσθητο, η ανοσία είναι χαμηλή, η αντοχή είναι κακή, η έκκριση των λιπικών αδένων είναι έντονη και η μακρά χρήση των υγρών περιττήρων κάνει το δέρμα ευάλωτο στη δερματίτιδα, οδηγώντας στην λοίμωξη των πόρων της φακής, της ιδρώτα και των λιπικών αδένων και τη δημιουργία της αδένωσης, τα τελευταία χρόνια λόγω της ευρείας χρήσης της ανθρώπινης θρέψης και των υγρών περιττήρων, η φλεγμονή της περιελίδου του πρωκτού του νεογνού αυξάνεται χρόνο με το χρόνο.