Uterine fibroids

　　Uterine cysts are a rare gynecological disease, and in clinical practice, it is easy to overlook uterine cysts. Uterine cysts have many symptoms, and patients may also have the disease of cervical hypertrophy. The causes of uterine cysts are complex, and patients need to understand the causes of uterine cysts in order to treat them appropriately.

　　Uterine cysts can be divided into congenital and acquired uterine cysts. The former originates from the mesonephric and paramesonephric ducts, and mostly occurs on the posterior wall or bottom of the uterus; the latter mostly originates from the secondary development of benign diseases or from the development of mesothelial stromal cells, including uterine fibroids with cystic changes, cystic uterine adenomyoma, cervical retention cysts, and uterine serosal cysts, etc.

　　The causes of uterine cysts: They are similar to the "acne" on the face, which occurs during the healing process of cervical erosion. The newly formed squamous epithelium covers the orifice of the cervical glands or extends into the glands, blocking the gland orifices; the connective tissue around the glands proliferates or scars form, compressing the glands, narrowing them even blocking them, and obstructing the drainage of gland secretions, leading to the formation of cysts called cervical Nabothian cysts.

　　1. Cysts generally occur within the uterine muscle wall, which not only affects female fertility but can also lead to premature delivery or miscarriage. Generally, such fibroids are mostly multiple fibroids, with very few solitary ones.

　　2. Uterine cysts can develop on the surface of the uterus, eventually protruding from the surface of the uterus, which is also called subserosal uterine cysts. This type of uterine cyst has a relatively small impact on female fertility, and the surgical resection treatment is relatively simple. However, if not treated in time, it can affect female childbirth when it grows to a certain degree.

　　3. Uterine cysts can develop into the uterine cavity, protruding inside the uterine cavity, and sometimes even protruding outside the cervix, which can be found inside the vagina. Generally, such uterine cysts are also called submucosal cysts, and patients usually have increased menstrual volume, vaginal discharge with foul odor. If uterine cysts grow at the internal orifice of the fallopian tube or in the upper part of the uterine cavity, they can block the movement of sperm, leading to infertility. This type of uterine cyst can be surgically removed through vaginal examination and hysterosalpingography.

　　4. Uterine cysts can also grow at the bottom, neck, and body of the uterus, which will affect the fertility of women to varying degrees.

　　Uterine cysts belong to a type of ovarian tumor in the broad sense, and can occur at any age, but are most common between 20-50 years old. Due to the rarity of symptoms during the early stage of ovarian malignant tumors, early diagnosis is difficult, and 70% of patients seek medical attention at a late stage, with very few receiving early treatment. The 5-year survival rate has always hovered between 20-30%, and it is one of the most serious malignant tumors threatening women's lives. The ovary is a small organ in the human body, but it is a common site for a variety of tumors. Ovarian tumors can have various properties and morphologies - single or mixed, unilateral or bilateral, cystic or solid, benign or malignant, and many ovarian tumors can produce female or male sex hormones.

　　(I) Typical symptoms of benign uterine cysts

　　The development is slow, and there are usually no symptoms in the early stage, often found incidentally during gynecological examination. Medium-sized tumors often feel abdominal fullness, palpable mass, and grow from one side of the lower abdomen upwards. During gynecological examination, a spherical mass can be felt on one side of the uterus, which is cystic or solid, with a smooth surface, not adherent to the uterus, and can move freely. Large or giant tumors that fill the pelvis and abdomen can cause symptoms of compression, such as frequent urination, constipation, shortness of breath, palpitations, etc. During gynecological examination, the vaginal fornix is full, and the lower pole of the tumor can be felt, the corpus uteri is located on the side or front of the tumor, and moves with the cervix.

　　(II) Typical symptoms of malignant uterine cysts

　　Early on, there are usually no自觉 symptoms, and when symptoms appear, the condition is often in the late stage. Due to the rapid growth of the tumor, there may be abdominal distension, abdominal mass, and ascites in a short period of time. The infiltration or compression of the tumor on surrounding tissues or nerves can cause abdominal pain, lumbar pain, or lower limb pain; if it compresses the pelvic veins, lower limb edema may occur; if it is a functional tumor, it can produce symptoms of excessive estrogen or androgen. In the late stage, patients may show signs of cachexia. During gynecological examination, scattered hard nodules can be felt in the posterior fornix of the vagina, and the mass is mostly lateral, solid or semi-solid, with an uneven surface, fixed and not moving, often accompanied by hemorrhagic ascites. Sometimes, enlarged lymph nodes can be felt in the inguinal, axillary, or supraclavicular regions.

　　1. Pay attention to hygiene in daily life, keep the vulva clean, and prevent pathogenic bacteria from entering.

　　2. Maintain a moderate sexual life, avoid overexertion. Pay attention to sexual hygiene, and the spouse should pay attention to removing the foreskin smegma from the penis.

　　3. Practice family planning, adopt contraception measures, and try to avoid mechanical injury to the cervix from multiple abortions. At the same time, gynecological surgical operations should be strictly sterile to prevent iatrogenic infections and injuries.

　　4. Avoid injury to the cervix during childbirth. If cervical laceration is found, it should be sutured promptly and antibiotics should be used.

　　5. Pay attention to hygiene during menstruation, abortion, and postpartum periods. Sexual intercourse and bathtub bathing should be strictly prohibited after childbirth to prevent pathogenic bacteria from entering.

　　6, Abstain from sexual intercourse during the treatment of chronic cervicitis. Stop local medication during the menstrual period. It is forbidden to eat spicy and greasy foods during the treatment period.

　　7, Regular gynecological examination should be done to discover cervical inflammation and treat it actively.

　　8, Pay attention to physical exercise, pay attention to nutrition and hygiene appropriately, and ensure physical and mental health.

　　9, The acute stage of cervicitis should be controlled and treated thoroughly to prevent it from turning into chronic cervicitis.

　　10, After the symptoms are found, it is necessary to go to the hospital for examination promptly, and not to cause complications due to time.

　　1, Cervical smear examination: Under long-term inflammatory stimulation, a few chronic cervicitis patients have a tendency to malignancy, so it still needs to be highly concerned. Therefore, cervical cyst patients should have cervical smear examination every year to exclude cervical cancer and precancerous diseases.

　　2, Colposcopy: It is intuitive and can directly find the affected area, diagnose whether there are abnormal lesions, and at the same time determine the severity of the lesion as a basis for treatment. Colposcope is a magnifying glass equipped with a strong light source. Since the colposcope can magnify the lesion 10 to 40 times, it can observe the slight changes on the cervical epithelium that cannot be seen with the naked eye, and with the assistance of 3% to 5% acetic acid solution, it can distinguish whether the changes of cervical cells are benign or malignant; biopsy under colposcopy can detect precancerous and cancerous changes early. The combination of cervical smear and colposcopy can improve the probability of diagnosis and is an important measure for early treatment of cervical diseases and other reproductive tract diseases.

　　3, Ultrasound examination: Cervical cysts are common diseases in gynecological ultrasound diagnosis. In recent years, with the development of ultrasound diagnosis technology, the detection rate of cervical cysts has increased significantly. As age increases, the detection rate of cervical cysts also increases, especially the incidence rate is significantly increased after 50 years old. The size of the cysts varies, generally small and scattered. They can appear alone or in multiple, and can occur at any part of the cervix. Since in gynecological examination, the speculum can only find cysts located at the cervix orifice, while using ultrasound can display cysts at all parts of the cervix, and the detection rate of cysts can reach up to 100%, so ultrasound examination has improved the diagnostic rate in clinical diagnosis and also provided convenience for clinical treatment.

　　5, TCT examination: It is currently an advanced cervical lesion grading cytological examination technology internationally. Compared with the traditional Papanicolaou stain examination, the satisfaction degree of the specimen and the detection rate of cervical abnormal cells can reach more than 95%.

　　4, HPV-DNA detection: HPV infection is a necessary factor in the development of cervical cancer. Colposcopy can see the surface lesion condition, but it is often late-stage lesions. Therefore, HPV-DNA detection can detect and treat cancer changes early and in time.

　　It is recommended to eat more foods with anti-external genital tumor and leukoplakia effects, such as sesame seeds, almonds, wheat, barley, loofah, black-bone chickens, cuttlefish, black snake, pork pancreas, chrysanthemum, black plum, peaches, lychees, Portulaca oleracea, chicken blood, eels, abalones, crabs, horseshoe crabs, sardines, clams, and tortoises.

　　For pain, it is recommended to eat horseshoe crab, red, lobster, clam, sea cucumber, tiger fish, beetroot, mung bean, radish, chicken blood.

　　For itching, it is recommended to eat amaranth, cabbage, rapeseed, taro, kelp, laver, chicken blood, snake meat, pangolin.

　　To enhance physical fitness and prevent metastasis, it is recommended to eat silver ear, black fungus, mushrooms, monkey head mushrooms, gizzard, sea cucumber, Job's tears, walnuts, crabs, lizard, needlefish.

　　1. Drug Corrosion: Clean the surface of the cervix, protect the vaginal fornix and vaginal wall with dry gauze, use a cotton swab to dip 10%-20% silver nitrate or potassium dichromate solution, and apply it to the erosion surface, then wash repeatedly with normal saline. Apply the medicine 5-7 days after the menstrual period is clean. Silver nitrate is applied 1-2 times each time, and 2-4 times as one course. Potassium dichromate is applied once a month. Both drugs have strong corrosive effects and must be used in the hospital.

　　2. LEEP knife: Radiofrequency Ablation: For patients with extensive erosion and long-term treatment without remission, this method can be chosen, cured once, with minimal intraoperative trauma, no scar after surgery, and is currently the most advanced method.

　　3. Ovaping Suppository Therapy: Ovaping suppository is also known as α-interferon suppository (because its main ingredient is α-interferon). Usage: 2-3 days after the patient's menstrual period is clean, lie on the back before going to bed, insert one Ovaping suppository into the posterior fornix of the vagina with a pusher, once every other day, 6 times as one course, and re-examine 2-3 days after the next menstrual period is clean. A total of 1-3 courses of medication. Abstain from sexual life during the course of medication. The total effective rate reaches 95.3%. It has the characteristics of convenient use and few side effects.

　　4. Physical Therapy: It is considered to be a good treatment method at present, suitable for patients with moderate to severe cervical erosion. Methods include electrocautery, cryotherapy, laser, etc. The doctor selects the method according to the degree and area of erosion and the overall condition of the patient. The wound healing takes 4-8 weeks, and postoperative care should be taken to keep the vulva clean. Abstain from sexual intercourse and bathtubs before the wound heals. The selection of the method: Since cervical erosion is closely related to the occurrence of cervical cancer, patients with cervical erosion should be treated actively.