卵巢炎

　　由于防御机制遭到破坏或抵抗力低下，病原体侵入，病原体有链球菌、葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和厌氧菌（消化链球菌、消化球菌、脆弱类杆菌等）等，首先输卵管发病，后沿着输卵管蔓延到卵巢，产生卵巢周围炎、卵巢粘连，重者形成输卵管和卵巢脓肿；或首先子宫受累发生炎症，后波及宫旁韧带和结缔组织，再累及卵巢和输卵管。

　　1、女性不注意经期卫生及个人卫生，引起卵巢炎症。月经期性交或平时的不洁性交以及过早、过频性交等，导使病菌进入体内并上行到卵巢造成的。

　　2、由于患者足月分娩或自然以及人工流产后的机体抵抗力下降，病菌经阴道、子宫上行感染并扩散到输卵管、卵巢，引起卵巢炎症。

　　3、身体其他部位有感染病灶，如急性阑尾炎、结肠憩室炎等，未经及时治疗消除时，其病原体可经血行传播而引起急性卵巢炎。

　　4、近年来由于它内节育器的广泛应用，在施行宫内书育器手术操作时消毒不严格，不少急性卵巢炎都是因此而发生的。病原菌有时是放线菌。

　　5、进行妇科手术时，因不慎误伤肠道；或对感染性流产进行吸刮术时，不慎将子宫穿破，导致的严重腹膜炎，炎症波及到卵巢。

　　6、由于进行宫腔操作，而又未经严格消毒，导致卵巢炎症。如进行子宫颈管治疗、吸宫术、输卵管子宫造影、输卵管通液等手术感染引起。

　　7, When the adjacent organs of the pelvis or fallopian tube are inflamed, acute ovarian inflammation may be caused by direct spread of infection. The inflammation usually occurs in the adjacent fallopian tube and ovary on one side.

　　1, Endocrine disorders:After female friends have ovarian inflammation, due to the impact on the function of the ovary, it will affect the level of some hormones in the body, causing female patients to have endocrine disorders.

　　2, Ovarian cancer:If ovarian inflammation is not treated in a timely and effective manner for a long time, not only will female friends experience symptoms such as general weakness and lower abdominal pain, but it will also have a certain impact on their mental health. Most importantly, it may trigger the occurrence of ovarian cancer, posing a threat to the health and life of women.

　　3, Infertility:The most serious harm of ovarian inflammation is to cause female infertility because pelvic inflammation causes an increase in inflammatory secretions in the reproductive tract, affecting sperm survival and activity; tubal obstruction and hydrosalpinx lead to the inability of sperm and egg to meet; ovarian adhesion and encapsulation lead to ovulatory disorders or the inability of the fallopian tube to pick up eggs; the destruction of ovarian function leads to an inability to ovulate and menstrual irregularities. These symptoms cause serious harm to the physical and mental health of female friends.

　　4, Pain:Acute ovarian inflammation patients may have symptoms such as fever, dull pain in the abdomen (not radiating to other places), lower back and sacral pain, and anal distension; chronic patients have symptoms included in chronic pelvic inflammatory disease, such as lower back and sacral discomfort and pain, anal distension, decreased appetite, general fatigue and weakness, poor spirit, changes in menstruation (most are increased menstrual volume), and even abdominal masses.

　　Due to the destruction of the female defense mechanism or low resistance, pathogens侵入, pathogens such as streptococcus, staphylococcus, Escherichia coli, and anaerobic bacteria can cause other complications.

　　1, Acute symptoms:If women have acute ovarian inflammation, patients at this time usually have symptoms such as abdominal pain, lower back and sacral pain, and anal distension.

　　2, Chronic symptoms:If female friends have chronic ovarian inflammation, patients in this situation usually show symptoms such as lower back and sacral pain, fatigue, anal distension, and poor spirit.

　　3, Other symptoms:Some patients with ovarian inflammation may also experience other symptoms, such as infertility. The cause of female infertility is usually due to the increase of inflammatory secretions in the reproductive tract caused by ovarian inflammation, which affects the survival and activity of sperm. Moreover, at this time, the ovarian function may also be damaged, leading to an inability to ovulate and menstrual irregularities.

　　1, The most important thing for female friends in their daily lives is to pay attention to personal hygiene, especially during their menstrual period, after childbirth, and after abortion. They should change and wash their underwear frequently, avoid catching a cold, and avoid overexertion during their menstrual period.

　　2, Female friends should also drink more water in their daily lives because if women have ovarian inflammation, they are prone to fever, so they need to drink more water to lower their body temperature.

　　3. Ladies, pay attention to daily diet, eat more light and nutritious food, and try to eat less raw, cold, spicy, and stimulating food.

　　4. Ladies, it is best to avoid unnecessary gynecological examinations because some gynecological examination instruments are not properly disinfected, which can lead to infection, trigger inflammation, and also cause the spread of inflammation, aggravating the condition.

　　5. Ladies, do not have sexual intercourse during your menstrual period because during this time, the body's immunity and resistance of women are relatively weak, and it is easy to lead to the invasion of pathogens and trigger gynecological inflammation, causing infertility if sexual intercourse is had during this period.

　　1. During the acute stage, if the cul-de-sac puncture extracts exudate or pus, or if the pus-like secretion is aspirated from the ovary by B-ultrasound, or if the fluid aspirated from the above puncture is cultured and streptococci, staphylococci, and other pathogens are found.

　　2. Chronic cases can undergo laparoscopic examination to clarify the diagnosis, and under the microscope, it is common to see: ovarian enlargement or surface edema or ischemia or adhesion, membrane-like substances covering the surface; the ovary can form adhesions with the fallopian tube, the lateral wall of the pelvis, or the posterior wall of the uterus; if there is an ovarian abscess, pus can be seen on the surface of the ovary, and the ovary is significantly enlarged.

　　1. Best to avoid caffeine: coffee, tea, cola, chocolate, etc.

　　2. Abstain from alcohol: if it is necessary to drink, it should be limited to 1-2 cups of wine.

　　3. Eat less spicy spices, carbonated drinks, and avoid cold and raw foods and other foods.

　　Medication is the main treatment. Antibiotic treatment is carried out during the acute stage. If there is a culture and sensitivity test of the puncture fluid or pus, the effect of antibiotics is better.

　　If there is adhesion around the ovary or ovarian salpingitis, laparotomy or laparoscopic adhesion lysis may be considered. It is generally believed that the injection of 500ml of medium molecular weight dextran into the peritoneal cavity after laparoscopic adhesion lysis is effective.

　　If there is a poor response to antibiotic treatment for ovarian inflammation, ovarian abscess, or ovarian salpingitis, surgical treatment may be considered, involving the removal of the affected adnexa and retaining the healthy adnexa, which can preserve the reproductive function. In summary, surgery for preserving and establishing reproductive function should be performed.