睾丸囊肿

　　The etiology of testicular cysts has not been clearly defined yet, and may be related to sexual stimulation, chronic infection of the testis, or partial obstruction of the sperm transport duct. However, clinical practice has proven that patients do not develop clear fluid cysts after vasectomy, and its occurrence may also be related to local injury or sexually transmitted disease infection. Some people propose that the testicular ducts at the testicular head may be curved, turned, or form diverticula. With the passage of time and the continuous accumulation of sperm, the diverticulum ducts continuously increase in size, forming seminal cysts. Seminal cysts can also occur when the testis is blocked or scarred due to inflammation or trauma.

　　We should first understand the anatomy of the testis, epididymis, and vas deferens. The sperm produced by the testis enters the reticular ducts of the testicular head through the seminiferous tubules, gradually moving forward, and then the vas deferens is excreted through the urethra. The cause of testicular cysts may be due to local inflammatory adhesions causing obstruction of the testicular duct, or the retention of fluid in the lumen after the obstruction of a single micro testicular vas deferens, forming a cyst.

　　Testicular cysts can grow from small to large, but in clinical practice, they can usually grow to cysts with a diameter of 0.5~2cm. This disease is difficult to distinguish from testicles in clinical practice, and can appear local nodules, pain or painless, so it is difficult to distinguish from inflammation. However, experienced doctors can determine it by palpation. Palpation is hard, but actually there is fluctuation. Most of the cysts can be determined by palpation, and further examination can be conducted. If B-ultrasound is used, it can be determined that inflammation is a solid mass, and cysts have 'liquid' B-ultrasound changes.

　　One. Induces serious diseases: varicocele, orchitis, prostatitis, endocrine diseases, kidney diseases such as nephritis, urinary tract infection diseases, malignant tumors, etc.

　　Two. Causes a decrease in male sexual function, even complete loss of sexual function.

　　Three. Causes sperm death, azoospermia, loss of fertility, and the transmission of inflammatory bacteria to the spouse, causing gynecological diseases.

　　Four. Long-term treatment of testicular diseases can lead to kidney deficiency, depletion of vital energy, severe cold limbs, sore back and waist, and premature aging.

　　The clinical manifestations of testicular cysts are similar to those of many other diseases. Therefore, when diagnosing testicular cysts, it is necessary to consider the possibility of other masses such as testicular tuberculosis, testicular tumor, testicular tumor, hydrocele, varicocele, and other diseases. If the diagnosis is confirmed as a small cyst volume without other symptoms, treatment may not be required. However, if the volume is large, there are other complications, or it has caused physiological dysfunction, treatment can be considered according to the specific situation.

　　Generally asymptomatic, sometimes there is discomfort or a feeling of descent in the scrotum, and sometimes there is a feeling of swelling. The testicle or testicular area can be palpated for a round mass, soft texture, fluctuation, clear boundaries, and no shrinkage when pressed. The light transmission test is positive. The fluid from the cyst puncture is milky white, opaque, and under microscopic examination, there are inactive sperm, fat bodies, and other structures. After being placed at room temperature for a short period of time, the previously inactive sperm will become active. Ultrasound can detect liquid shadow areas in the testicle or testicular area.

　　Testicular cysts are cystic, painless or slightly painful, sometimes accompanied by a feeling of descent, scrotal masses containing sperm and fluid. Mild testicular cysts do not pose great harm, and patients do not need to worry. Relax your mind, and you can work and live normally. For patients with complications caused by testicular cysts, it will seriously affect normal work and life, causing symptoms such as sperm damage, kidney deficiency, loss of vitality, cold limbs, lumbago, and premature aging.

　　The mumps virus can directly invade the testicles, often leading to viral orchitis shortly after the onset of mumps. Children under one year of age who are susceptible to the disease can receive preventive vaccination with a live attenuated mumps vaccine to prevent mumps and its complications, such as orchitis.

　　Develop good living habits, do not smoke or drink alcohol, do not stand or sit for a long time, do not oversex, do not masturbate frequently, etc. Eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, increase the intake of vitamin C and other components to enhance the body's anti-inflammatory ability. Eat less spicy and刺激性 food.

　　Testicular enlargement is usually secondary to orchitis, and orchitis is often secondary to prostatitis, urethritis, seminal vesiculitis, and other infectious diseases of the reproductive system. Therefore, one of the important means of preventing orchitis is to prevent various inflammatory diseases of the reproductive system.

　　You can massage the testicles with both hands while bathing or before going to bed, gently捏testicles in a clockwise and counterclockwise direction for ten minutes each time. If you feel an unusual pain during the massage, it may be orchitis or orchitis, and you should go to the hospital for a check-up in a timely manner.

　　Local palpation is the most important and simplest method for diagnosing scrotal cysts. The scrotum and its contents belong to the external genitalia, and the examiner must be familiar with the gross anatomy of the scrotal contents in order to clearly diagnose whether the lesion is located within the scrotum or the scrotal skin; whether it originates from the contents of the scrotum or from the inguinal area; whether it is a testicular cyst or a testicular tumor; during the examination, the patient should first stand up, then lie down for examination, and the examiner's hands should palpate simultaneously to facilitate comparison between the left and right sides.

　　For masses originating from the inguinal crease area, the cough impulse test is used to differentiate between inguinal hernia and hydrocele.

　　3. Transillumination test It is of great value in distinguishing whether the scrotal cyst is cystic or solid.

　　4. Scrotal puncture To differentiate the nature of scrotal effusion, puncture and aspirate for examination, but aspiration of tissue for pathological examination can also be performed for solid cysts.

　　5. Other examinations include prostate examination, abdominal examination, and related systemic examinations.

　　6. Urinalysis and erythrocyte sedimentation rate tests have certain auxiliary diagnostic significance in acute and chronic infections. Finding microfilariae under the microscope in blood smears has diagnostic value for diagnosing scrotal elephantiasis. Determining human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in blood or urine is of great significance for diagnosing testicular choriocarcinoma or embryonal carcinoma.

　　7. Mainly include ultrasonic examination, Doppler ultrasonic examination, radionuclide angiography, infra-red scrotal temperature recording method (Scrotal thermography).

　　1. For abdominal pain and distension, eat pork kidneys, myrica, hawthorn, orange candy, walnuts, chestnuts.

　　2. Eat more foods with anti-tumor effects: horseshoe crabs, sea horses, turtles, dragon pearl tea, hawthorn.

　　3. For bleeding, eat goat blood, snails, conch, cuttlefish, pigweed, lotus root, mushrooms, malan head, stone ear, hickory nuts, persimmon cakes.

　　4. For infections, eat eels, freshwater clams, water snakes, needlefish, carp,麒麟菜, celery, sesame, buckwheat, rapeseed, toon, red beans, mung beans.

　　7. Avoid smoking, alcohol, greasy, fried, moldy, and salted foods, avoid刺激性食物 such as scallions, garlic, peppers, and cinnamon, avoid warm and blood-activating foods such as mutton, dog meat, chives, and pepper.

　　Generally, testicular cysts do not require treatment, and surgical resection can be adopted when necessary.

　　1. Small cysts do not require treatment and can be followed up regularly for observation.

　　2. After puncture aspiration, inject absolute ethanol or other sclerosing agents.

　　3. Surgical resection of cysts is suitable for those with large cysts and obvious symptoms. Testicular cysts can form in the scrotum and can grow very large without causing any discomfort, but it is still necessary to have a doctor check for any conditions. Cysts can occur at any age, and this disease is most common in men over 40 years old.