Anal displacement

　　This disease belongs to congenital developmental malformation, and the cause is unknown. The occurrence of anal malformation is the result of a disorder during the embryonic development period, and it is basically the same for both males and females, with only anatomical differences. The result of the anal pouch separation process, the communication between the urogenital sinus and the anal rectal sinus, forms high or intermediate position malformations, leading to various anal rectal developmental anomalies and fistulas between the rectum and the urethra or vagina. The obstruction in the anal migration process and the incomplete development of the perineum result in low position malformations, leading to anal skin fistulas, anal vestibular fistulas, anal stenosis, and so on.

　　It is prone to complications such as infection of the organs near the ectopic anus, such as the scrotum. It can cause low colonic obstruction, disturbance of water and electrolyte balance, and seriously affect the life of the child. It often causes fistula formation. According to statistics, among newborn male infants, except for perineal fistula, rectal urethral fistula is more common, while among female infants, except for perineal fistula, rectal vesiculovaginal fistula is the main type. The incidence of anal agenesis without fistula formation is only about 5% of all cases.

　　Visual examination shows that the anal opening is not in the normal position, located near the sacrum or scrotum, but generally without defecation difficulties. Some may have a small anal opening or lack an anal sphincter.

　　1. X-ray findings:Abdominal upright films often show low colonic obstruction. In the lateral and anteroposterior views of barium enema, typical spastic and dilated intestinal segments can be seen, with poor barium excretion. Barium residue is still present 24 hours later. If barium is not washed out in time, it can form barium stones. When complicated with enteritis, the intestinal wall of the dilated segment shows a sawtooth appearance. In the neonatal period, dilated intestinal tubes can be compared and seen more than half a month after birth. If the diagnosis cannot be confirmed, the following examinations should be performed.

　　17. Biopsy:取距肛门4cm以上直肠壁粘膜下层及肌层一小块组织，检查神经节细胞的数量，巨结肠患儿缺乏节细胞。

　　1. Diet:There are no special restrictions. Diets rich in spices can cause a burning sensation on the skin. For mild diarrhea, a low-residue, easily digestible diet should be consumed. For severe diarrhea, intestinal bactericidal drugs or tincture of camphor and opium should be administered. For constipation, it is recommended to eat more foods that increase fecal volume and drink more water. Liquid paraffin or Mahen Zishen Wan can make the feces soft and slippery.

　　2. Skin protection:Protecting the skin is very important because moisture and exudation can erode the skin, causing feces leakage and fecal odor. After the skin is coated with a skin protector, it prevents the contact of intestinal contents with the skin and avoids irritation. The following types of skin protectors can be used:

　　10. A mixture of mulberry gum and glycerin, also available in powder and detergent forms. It can inhibit the corrosion of intestinal contents and can be applied to the skin to fill in the cracks near the ostomy. However, it can be destroyed by urine, and it is easy to melt at high temperatures and increased body temperature.

　　9. A mixture of mulberry gum and natural bentonite, which is solid and less easily destroyed by heat, has thin films of different thicknesses. It should be soaked before use and is suitable for soft abdomen and scarred areas.

　　8. A composition synthesized from gelatin, pectin, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and polyisobutylene, forming a dry curd-like film. Before use, the skin should be dried and attached to the ostomy, with the edges adhering to the skin.

　　7. Crixiline, a very sticky film-like polysiloxane, adheres to the skin after drying, some are in a ring shape attached to the ostomy bag.

　　1. X-ray findings:Abdominal upright films often show low colonic obstruction. In the lateral and anteroposterior views of barium enema, typical spastic and dilated intestinal segments can be seen, with poor barium excretion. Barium residue is still present 24 hours later. If barium is not washed out in time, it can form barium stones. When complicated with enteritis, the intestinal wall of the dilated segment shows a sawtooth appearance. In the neonatal period, dilated intestinal tubes can be compared and seen more than half a month after birth. If the diagnosis cannot be confirmed, the following examinations should be performed.

　　2. Anorectal manometry:The measurement of reflexive pressure changes in the rectum and anal sphincter can diagnose congenital megacolon and differentiate constipation caused by other reasons. In normal children and functional constipation, after the rectum is stimulated by distension, the internal sphincter relaxes reflexively, the pressure decreases. However, in children with congenital megacolon, the internal sphincter does not relax but instead undergoes a significant contraction, causing an increase in pressure. This method sometimes produces false-positive results in newborns within 10 days.

　　3、活体组织检查：取距肛门4cm以上直肠壁粘膜下层及肌层一小块组织，检查神经节细胞的数量，巨结肠患儿缺乏节细胞。

　　4、直肠粘膜组织化学检查法：此乃根据痉挛段粘膜下及肌层神经节细胞缺如处增生、肥大的副交感神经节前纤维不断释放大量乙醯胆碱和胆碱酶，经化学方法可以测定出两者数量和活性均较正常儿童出5～6倍，有助于对先天性巨结肠的诊断，并可用于新生儿。

　　肛门异位术后帮助身体元气恢复的食疗方

　　1、吉林参4克，西洋参3克炖瘦肉。

　　2、冬菇4-5个炖瘦肉或鸡胸肉（饮汤）。

　　3、北芪15克，党参21克，淮山30克，莲子15克煲瘦肉。

　　4、土茯苓30克，生苡仁30克，元肉3枚煲草鱼或水鱼。

　　5、党参17克，茨实21克，杞子10克，苡仁15克煲瘦肉或鸡肉。

　　6、田七3克，人参（或红参）3克炖瘦肉或鸡肉。

　　肛门异位不影响生活者可不予处理。伴小肛门或无括约肌时，行移位或括约肌成形术。

　　肛门，动物消化道的末端，是排泄粪便的出口。肛门常见的疾病有痔疮、肛瘘及肛裂。在一些特殊的性行为中，肛门也被当作性器使用。肛门是人体的一种器官，它位于臀部之间。肛门有四个作用：

　　1、释放出人体中的废气，即排遗。

　　2、排泄出人体中的废物，即排泄。

　　3、把排泄物夹断（相当于把便夹断）。

　　4、用于性交（即肛交）。