Anal cancer

　　Squamous cell carcinoma invades the perineum, scrotum, labia, and inguinal lymph nodes. The route of transmission is via venous metastasis. Due to the poor differentiation of anal canal cancer, less keratinization, and high malignancy, it often invades the surrounding rectum and mesenteric lymph nodes along the intestinal lymphatic vessels, with early metastasis and poor prognosis. Perianal cancer has better differentiation, more keratinization, lower malignancy, and rare metastasis, with a good prognosis after surgery.

　　In addition to general symptoms, it may also cause other diseases. The inguinal lymph nodes in this disease are prone to metastasis, and can also metastasize to pelvic lymph nodes. Therefore, once found, active treatment should be sought, and preventive measures should also be taken in daily life.

　　Anal squamous cell carcinoma often causes discomfort and itching in the anal area. Small lumps may be present at the anal margin, growing slowly. Pain is very mild, but pain may occur when it invades the anal canal or sphincter. After a long course, ulcers form, the local area becomes painful, the discharge is thin, often mixed with blood. The bottom of the ulcer has grayish white necrotic tissue, with surrounding inversion and granular nodules, which are prone to scab and bleed. Enlargement of the inguinal lymph nodes and other symptoms may occur. In the diagnosis, early localized lesions should be distinguished from papillomas, condylomata acuminata, thrombosed hemorrhoids, anal fissures, and granulomatous ulcers.

　　To prevent anal cancer, it is essential to maintain anal health, reduce anal diseases, and start with lifestyle and dietary habits. Consume more fiber, less fried or spicy food, rest more, get adequate exercise and hydration. If you sit at a desk for a long time, it is best to take a break to stretch every one to two hours, wash with clean water after using the toilet, and avoid friction. Once a problem with the anal area is found, medical treatment should be sought immediately, especially for conditions such as colorectal cancer and anal cancer. Do not believe in folk remedies to avoid worsening the condition.

　　1. Physical Examination:Including the symptoms of the disease to be checked, such as lumps or anything else that seems unusual as a sign of general health. The patient's hygiene habits, medical history, and treatment history will also be taken into account.

　　2. Digital Rectal Examination (DRE):The examination of the anus and rectum. The doctor or nurse will insert gloved fingers coated with lubricant into the lower rectum to check for lumps or anything else that seems unusual.

　　3. Anoscopy:The anus and lower rectum are short, and the tube used for examination is called anoscopy.

　　4. Rectoscopy:The rectum is short, and a rectoscope examination is conducted.

　　5. Endoscopic Ultrasound of Anus or Rectum:A process in which an ultrasonic transducer (probe) is inserted into the anus or rectum and reflects high-energy sound waves (ultrasound) to close internal tissues or organs, and interact with each other. The interaction forms an ultrasound image of the human body's tissues.

　　6. Biopsy:Removing cells or tissues, so that they can be examined under a microscope by pathologists to determine if there are signs of cancer. During the anoscopy, if an abnormal area is considered for biopsy, it can be done at that time.

　　Firstly, dietary remedies for anal cancer

　　1. Asparagus Porridge:The tissue protein contained in asparagus is a substance that promotes cell normalization, which can make cancer cells 'return to righteousness' and prevent the spread of cancer cells. Asparagus has the effects of clearing heat and cooling blood, which can alleviate the restlessness and insomnia caused by Yin deficiency in cancer patients. Boil 100 grams of rainbow trout asparagus, take the juice, add 100 grams of glutinous rice, and cook into porridge for consumption.

　　2. Celery Porridge:Celery not only contains a large amount of vitamins and fiber, which is very beneficial for the recovery of cancer patients, but experimental studies have shown that the stem of celery has an inhibition rate of 63.6% against cancer, and the leaves have an inhibition rate of 73.2%. Take 50 grams of celery, 100 grams of glutinous rice, and first cook the rice with water into porridge, then add the chopped celery.

　　3. Garlic Porridge:The liposoluble volatile oils and other effective components in garlic have the function of activating macrophages, inhibiting cancer cells, and enhancing immunity, thereby improving the body's resistance and benefiting the recovery of cancer patients. Take 30 grams of garlic (peeled), 100 grams of glutinous rice, and boil them in water, then cook until done.

　　4. Shiitake Mushroom Porridge:Shiitake mushrooms contain a substance called "B-glucanase", which has a significant effect of enhancing the body's anti-cancer ability; they also contain an interferon inducer that can induce the production of interferon within the body, thereby achieving the goal of treating cancer. Take 25 grams of shiitake mushrooms, 100 grams of glutinous rice, and cook them into porridge with water, then season and eat.

　　5. Water Chestnut Porridge:Water chestnuts have the effects of clearing heat, detoxifying, softening hard lumps, and resolving abscesses.历代医家都用其治疗疮痈肿结，历代医家都用其治疗疮痈肿结，Modern research has found that they also have anti-cancer effects. After washing the water chestnuts, peel and slice them, and cook them into porridge with an appropriate amount of glutinous rice, using 100 grams of water chestnuts per serving.

　　6. Adzuki bean congee:It is suitable for cancer patients with reduced gastrointestinal digestion and absorption. Take 30 grams of adzuki bean, slightly fried. After soaking and swelling, cook half熟的, add 100 grams of glutinous rice and cook into congee, then add appropriate amount of sugar for eating.

　　Second, what foods are good for perianal cancer:

　　1. Antitumor:It is advisable to eat more sesame seeds, almonds, wheat, barley, loofah, horse dent, chicken blood, eel, abalone, crabs, horseshoe crab, sardines, clams, etc.

　　2. Pain:It is advisable to eat horseshoe crab, red, lobsters, sea asparagus, sea cucumber, tiger fish, beets, mung bean, radish, chicken blood, etc.

　　3. Strengthening the physique, preventing metastasis:It is advisable to eat silver ear, black fungus, mushrooms, tricholoma, gizzard, sea cucumber, Job's tears, walnuts, crabs, Agama, needlefish, etc.

　　4. Consumption of Qi and injury of blood after surgery:It is advisable to eat more Qi-nourishing and blood-nourishing products, such as jujube, longan, mung bean, glutinous rice, lychee, mushrooms, carrots, quail eggs, lotus root starch, beans, etc.

　　5. Consumption of Yin and fluid after radiotherapy:It is advisable to eat more Yin-nourishing and fluid-nourishing products, such as spinach, Chinese white cabbage, lotus root, turnip, watermelon, banana, grape, sea cucumber, sugarcane, lily, etc.

　　6. Easy to damage both Qi and blood after chemotherapy:It is advisable to eat foods that nourish the Qi and blood, such as black fungus, mushrooms, walnuts, mulberries, congee of Job's tears, jujube, longan, sea cucumber, etc.

　　Third, what foods should be avoided for perianal cancer:

　　1. Avoid trigger foods:Such as fish, shrimp, crab, chicken head, pork head meat, goose meat, chicken wings, chicken feet, etc.

　　2. Eat less spicy and stimulating foods:For example: onions, pepper, chili, Sichuan pepper, rapeseed, fennel, etc.

　　3. Avoid eating fried and greasy foods:Such as oil sticks, butter, butter, chocolate, etc.

　　4. Quit smoking and drinking.

　　The treatment depends on the extent of invasion of the surrounding tissues by anal squamous cell carcinoma and whether there is inguinal lymph node metastasis. In principle, if there is inguinal lymph node metastasis, the enlarged and metastatic lymph nodes should be removed during the anorectal surgical operation. The entire surgical process is cut with a laser knife and carried out according to the surgical operation procedures. The deep enlarged lymph nodes, with the correct direction, can directly introduce the laser into the deep part for central high-temperature therapy, attention should be paid not to injure the surrounding large blood vessels and nerve trunks.