Rectal atypical hyperplasia

　　Modern medicine has found that the process of cancer formation is a basic process of cancer formation: precancerous disease → atypical hyperplasia → in situ cancer → cancer. When the cells of the epithelial tissue proliferate and show atypia, but are not yet diagnosed as malignant, they are called atypical hyperplasia. Atypical hyperplasia of the rectum is atypical hyperplasia that occurs in the rectal area.

　　Atypical hyperplasia of the rectum often accompanied by complications such as belching, constipation, pernicious anemia, diarrhea, and sometimes can trigger serious diseases such as chronic atrophic colitis and rectal cancer. Symptoms such as fullness and pain in the epigastrium, heartburn, and poor digestion, hiccups, dry cough, shortness of breath, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, but early symptoms are often absent.

　　Atypical hyperplasia of the rectum usually does not have obvious symptoms. If obvious symptoms appear, it may indicate that the lesion has progressed to cancer.

　　The atypical hyperplasia of the rectum often has symptoms such as unclear defecation intention, hematochezia, mucus in feces, abdominal pain, and a feeling of descent. The symptoms found in colonoscopy show that the intestinal cavity irregularity is below 10 cm from the anal opening,呈椭圆形, with congested and edematous mucosa, a granular sensation, roughness, lack of luster, friability, and easy bleeding upon contact. The vascular network structure is clear. There are scattered spots and patchy hemorrhages, and patchy erosions. There are also scattered spots and patchy hemorrhages, and small mucosal tissue with severe chronic inflammation. Rectal examination is very important, as it can detect adenomas in the rectum and part of the sigmoid colon. If the tumor is smooth, mobile, round, soft, and elastic, it often indicates a tubular adenoma. If the tumor is not smooth, lobulated, flat, or broad-based, and soft, it often suggests a villous adenoma. If the tumor is uneven in texture, fixed, has a nodular sensation locally, and has ulcers on the surface, it suggests a possibility of malignancy. Regular check-ups are important for early detection of diseases and are beneficial for treatment.

　　To prevent atypical hyperplasia of the rectum, it is important to treat diseases such as anal and external hemorrhoids, anal fistula, anal fissure, anal sinusitis, and chronic enteritis in a timely manner, maintain cleanliness and hygiene around the anus, and develop a regular bowel habit.

　　Rectoscopy is the most direct and quickest examination method. Most people will find irregular hyperplasia, thickening, and a light red color in the rectal wall.

　　Pathological examination: Severe atypical hyperplasia in the rectal epithelial tissue, without variant epithelial hyperplasia.

　　It is recommended to eat small and frequent meals. If it's not time for the main meal, you can supplement some food, but not too much. Remember that this is not a main meal; the main meal should still be eaten normally. Foods should be soft and loose, and things that are tough and crisp should not be eaten too much, as they are the most difficult to digest. Soup is best consumed before a meal, as drinking it after a meal can also increase the difficulty of digestion.

　　Smoking, alcohol, coffee, strong tea, carbonated drinks (Coca-Cola, Sprite), spicy and sour foods, and other刺激性食物.

　　Other vegetables and fruits are essential for the human body, so they should be supplemented adequately. Vegetables and the skin of fruits have more fiber, which can be moderately consumed, but not too much, as they are difficult to digest. Therefore, melons and fruits can be consumed relatively more.

　　Atypical hyperplasia of the rectum refers to atypical hyperplasia of the rectal mucosal epithelium and intestinal metaplasia. These lesions have a higher chance of developing into rectal cancer than other intestinal mucosal lesions. However, it does not mean that they will all develop into rectal cancer in the future; only a small number of cases will undergo malignant transformation.

　　Generally, for atypical hyperplasia of the rectum, surgical treatment is recommended only when pathological findings suggest severe atypical hyperplasia of the rectum or severe intestinal metaplasia. For other conditions, conservative medical treatment is often recommended. However, there is no specific drug for treating atypical hyperplasia of the rectum in Western medicine. Colonoscopy and pathology should still be checked once every six months. For mild lesions, treatment is generally not required, and there is a moderate and severe atypical hyperplasia between mild rectal atypical hyperplasia and cancer, so there is no need to have too heavy a psychological burden.