Acute gastric mucosal lesions

　　1. Drugs

　　A variety of drugs, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin, indomethacin, and phenylbutazone, and adrenocorticosteroids. Aspirin is non-ionic and relatively liposoluble in an acidic environment, which can destroy the lipid protein layer of the gastric mucosal epithelial cells, weaken the mucosal barrier, causing hydrogen ions to reverse permeate into the mucosa, and causing inflammation, edema, erosion, bleeding, or superficial ulcers. Other drugs such as digitalis, antibiotics, potassium salts, caffeine, etc. can also cause this disease.

　　2. Alcoholism

　　It is also a common cause of the disease. Excessive alcohol consumption can cause acute gastric mucosal erosion and bleeding.

　　1. Hemorrhagic shock is a rare disease characterized by acute onset of severe shock, encephalopathy, and other symptoms in previously healthy patients, leading to death or extremely severe neurological damage.

　　2. Peritonitis Peritonitis is the inflammation of the parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum in the abdominal cavity, which can be caused by bacterial, chemical, physical injury, etc. It can be divided into primary peritonitis and secondary peritonitis according to the pathogenesis. Acute purulent peritonitis involving the entire abdominal cavity is called acute diffuse peritonitis.

　　3. Water and electrolyte imbalance The most common clinical manifestation of water and electrolyte metabolism disorder is the disorder of water and sodium metabolism. In the extracellular fluid, the relationship between water and sodium is very close, so once metabolic disorder occurs, the deficiency of water and sodium often coexist. The extent of water and sodium metabolism disorder caused by different reasons may vary, which can be the loss of water and sodium in proportion, or less water than sodium deficiency, or more than sodium deficiency.

　　Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is the most prominent symptom, which may manifest as vomiting of blood or black stools, and its characteristics are:

　　1. A history of taking relevant drugs, alcoholism, or diseases that may lead to stress states.

　　2. The onset is sudden, with sudden vomiting of blood and black stools, which may appear several hours or days after stress-induced lesions.

　　3. Excessive bleeding may be intermittent, recurring multiple times, often leading to hemorrhagic shock. At the onset of the disease, symptoms such as discomfort in the upper abdomen, burning sensation, pain, nausea, vomiting, and acid regurgitation may also occur.

　　1. Pay attention to food hygiene, especially in the summer and autumn seasons, do not eat unclean food;

　　2. Avoid eating foods that are too irritating to the stomach in daily life, eat more easily digestible foods, and chew thoroughly; take prevention as the main approach, control alcohol intake, do not overeat and drink, and be cautious or avoid using drugs that can damage the gastric mucosa. Provide easily digestible, light, low-fiber liquid diet, which is conducive to the rest of the stomach and the healing of the injury.

　　3. Quit smoking and alcohol, especially for those with existing gastric diseases, should strive to quit smoking and alcohol.

　　1. X-ray barium meal examination is often negative.

　　2. Acute fiberoptic endoscopy (within 24-48 hours), showing focal or diffuse punctate hemorrhage of the gastric mucosa, clustered distribution, multiple erosions, superficial ulcers, commonly occurring at the bottom of the gastric body, involving the antrum alone is rare, the lesions often disappear quickly after 48 hours without leaving scars.

　　1. Foods to Eat for Acute Gastric Mucosal Lesions

　　Cold in nature, light or bitter in taste, with the effects of clearing heat and promoting diuresis, such as millet, corn, Job's tears, wheat, millet, red beans, mung beans, broad beans, bitter melon, cucumber, winter melon, turnip, amaranth, lettuce, bamboo shoots, etc.

　　2. Foods to Avoid for Acute Gastric Mucosal Disease

　　Avoid rough, very cold, very hot, and highly刺激性 foods such as spicy foods, strong tea, coffee, and quit smoking and limit alcohol intake.

　　1. General Treatment

　　Eliminate the cause of the disease, actively treat the primary disease that causes stress state, rest in bed, liquid diet, and fasting if necessary.

　　2. Supplement blood volume

　　5% glucose saline intravenous infusion, blood transfusion as necessary.

　　3. Hemostasis

　　Oral hemostatic drugs such as white medicine, Sanqi powder, or aspirate acidic gastric juice through a gastric tube, add 8mg of norepinephrine to 100ml of cold saline water. Once every 2-4 hours. Hemostasis can also be performed under a gastroscopy, spray hemostatic drugs (such as Munsell solution, white medicine, etc.), or use electrocoagulation hemostasis, laser hemostasis, or microwave hemostasis.

　　4. Inhibit Gastric Acid Secretion

　　Cimetidine 200mg, four times a day or 800-1200mg divided intravenously, furazolidone 150mg, twice a day or intravenously.