Superior mesenteric vein thrombosis

　　This disease has two types: primary and secondary, but secondary is more common. It is often accompanied by hypercoagulable states (such as polycythemia vera and cancer), superior mesenteric vein injury (trauma, surgery, radiotherapy, and post-portal-caval shunt surgery), abdominal infection, and long-term use of oral contraceptives. About half of the patients have a history of peripheral venous thrombophlebitis, so it may be a special type of thrombophlebitis (visceral type).

　　After the formation of venous thrombosis, it can continue to spread towards the proximal and distal ends. When the venous return of the involved intestinal loops is completely obstructed, the intestines become congested and edematous, with subserosal pinpoint hemorrhage spreading into patches. The intestinal wall and mesentery thicken and become edematous. Subsequently, hemorrhagic infarction occurs in the intestinal loops, appearing dark purple. A large amount of hemorrhagic fluid leaks from the intestinal wall and mesentery into the lumen and abdominal cavity. Acute venous occlusion can also reflexively cause vasoconstriction and thrombosis of visceral arteries, accelerating the process of intestinal necrosis. Ultimately, it can also lead to hypovolemic, infectious toxic shock.

　　There are often predisposing factors such as portal vein blood stasis, hypercoagulability, or vascular injury, leading to a gradual onset of symptoms, including abdominal discomfort, constipation, or diarrhea. After several days or weeks, as the thrombus spreads and expands, venous blood return is obstructed, affecting the vitality of the intestinal loops, and sudden severe abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, diarrhea, and hematochezia become more common than in arterial embolism. During physical examination, distension, abdominal tenderness, rebound pain, and abdominal muscle tension may be observed. The bowel sounds may be reduced or absent, and blood-containing fluid may be aspirated from the abdominal cavity. Fever and elevated white blood cell count are common, with increased hematocrit. Abdominal X-ray films may show dilated and aerated involved small intestine with air-fluid levels, and intestinal peristalsis may disappear on透视.

       Do not drink alcohol, do not eat spicy and刺激性 foods, eat less greasy foods, and have regular meals three times a day is also very important. The patient's diet should be light and easy to digest, eat more vegetables and fruits, rationally match the diet, and pay attention to adequate nutrition. In addition, the patient should also pay attention to avoid spicy, greasy, and cold foods.

　　During physical examination, abdominal distension, abdominal tenderness, rebound pain, and abdominal muscle tension can be seen, intestinal sounds are weakened or disappear, abdominal puncture can aspirate bloody fluid, there are often fever and leukocyte count, red blood cell volume increases, abdominal X-ray film can show expansion and gas distension of the affected small intestine, with gas-liquid level, intestinal peristalsis disappears during透视.

     One.食疗方 for the formation of lower limb venous thrombosis

　　1. Soak 6 grams of black fungus in water, add it to dishes or steam it. It can reduce blood lipids, prevent thrombosis and antiplatelet aggregation.

　　2. Boil 5 celery roots and 10 red dates in water, eat the dates and drink the soup, which can reduce blood cholesterol levels.

　　3. Eat fresh hawthorn or soak hawthorn in boiling water, add a moderate amount of honey, cool it down and drink it as tea. It can dilate blood vessels, has a hypotensive effect and promotes the excretion of cholesterol.

　　Two. Foods that are good for the body in the formation of lower limb venous thrombosis

　　1. Provide a diet rich in vitamins, high in protein and calories, and low in fat.

　　2. Provide the patient with fluid or semi-fluid light diet, such as various rice porridge and soup,

　　Three. Foods to avoid eating for the best in the formation of lower limb venous thrombosis

　　1. Avoid spicy, sweet, greasy foods to prevent an increase in blood viscosity and aggravation of the condition.

　　2. Avoid drinking刺激性 beverages such as coffee and strong tea before bedtime.

　　3. Avoid hard and salty foods to prevent damage and irritation to the oral mucosa.

　　After the diagnosis of the disease, in addition to gastrointestinal decompression, blood volume expansion, and the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, anticoagulation therapy should be performed. At the same time, closely observe the changes in abdominal signs. In case of suspected intestinal necrosis, an immediate laparotomy should be performed to remove the necrotic intestinal tract along with the entire mesentery containing the venous thrombus, in order to prevent the thrombus from continuing to spread and affect other intestinal tracts. Postoperative anticoagulation therapy should continue for 6 to 8 weeks.