Intestinal atresia

　　Intestinal atresia is a congenital developmental anomaly of the intestine and is one of the common causes of intestinal obstruction in neonates. Intestinal atresia is a typical low-positioned intestinal obstruction, with marked abdominal distension, vomiting material resembling fecal juice, and no meconium excretion.

　　Intestinal atresia can be complicated by chronic constipation, even leading to fecal impaction with long-term difficulty in defecation, which can cause the gradual expansion of the proximal rectum and sigmoid colon, leading to secondary megarectum and megasigmoid colon. This disease often is complicated by intestinal perforation or diffuse peritonitis.

　　1. Intestinal perforation

　　Intestinal perforation refers to the process where the lesions in the intestinal tract penetrate the intestinal wall, causing the overflow of intestinal contents into the peritoneal cavity. It is one of the severe complications of many intestinal diseases, leading to severe diffuse peritonitis, mainly manifested as severe abdominal pain, abdominal distension, and symptoms of peritonitis. In severe cases, it can lead to shock and death.

　　2. Acute peritonitis

　　Acute peritonitis is a severe surgical disease commonly caused by bacterial infection, chemical irritation, or injury. Most cases are secondary peritonitis, originating from the infection, necrosis, perforation, or trauma of abdominal organs.

　　Intestinal atresia is a typical low-positioned intestinal obstruction, characterized by marked abdominal distension, vomiting material resembling fecal juice, no meconium excretion, and an abdominal X-ray showing that all segments of the abdomen are distended with gas and multiple liquid levels. Barium enema can indicate the site of atresia, which helps in confirming the diagnosis.

　　Intestinal atresia is caused by congenital developmental abnormalities in the embryo, and there are no effective preventive measures. Patients should maintain local cleanliness and hygiene after surgery to prevent various infections from causing anal stenosis.

　　Patients with intestinal atresia can undergo colonoscopy, CT, and MRI examinations.

　　1, Fiber colonoscopy examination

　　Fiber colonoscopy examination can directly examine all parts of the rectum, colon, cecum, ileocecal valve, and terminal ileum, and can also be used for tissue biopsy, cancer cell examination, polypectomy, and burning, which is beneficial for early diagnosis of colonic diseases.

　　2, CT scan examination

　　CT scan examination is a sensitive method for checking rectal and anal cancer, and can detect the cancer invasion of the pre-sacral, lateral wall of the pelvis, pelvic organs, and lymph nodes, determine the size of the cancer, the extension of intestinal wall, rectal surrounding fat, uterus, and muscles, preoperative and postoperative scanning can help formulate the treatment plan for surgery and radiotherapy.

　　3, MRI examination

　　MRI examination can be used for preoperative examination and postoperative recurrence examination of rectal cancer surgery, to determine the range of residual cancer after radiotherapy, and can also diagnose the narrowing and degree of change of the rectum and anus. In addition, it can also diagnose the narrowing and degree of change of the rectum and anus.

　　Patients with intestinal atresia can regularly use food therapy methods to regulate their bodies. The ingredients for food therapy are 100 grams of soybeans, 100 grams of corn, 50 grams of silver ear, 9 dates, 9 mushrooms, 50 grams of lotus seeds, 30 grams of goji berries, and an appropriate amount of honey. First, put the silver ear and mushrooms in a bowl, soak them in boiling water, remove the stems after the water cools, and filter them dry. Wash the soybeans, corn, dates, lotus seeds, and goji berries with cold water, and put them in a pot with silver ear and mushrooms, add cold water, and boil over low heat to make porridge. Add honey to the porridge, take it in three doses, and take one dose each morning.

　　Choose the surgical method according to the specific situation and lesion site of the child with intestinal atresia. The proximal closure of the splenic flexure of the colon can be treated with colonic resection and primary suture, while the distal closure of the splenic flexure can be treated with colonic fistula. Some people advocate staged surgery, first resecting the dilated intestinal tract, creating a fistula, and then washing through irrigation to expand the caliber of the distal intestinal tract, so that the caliber of the two ends of the intestinal tract is basically similar when anastomosis is performed. A few days later, the intestinal fistula closure and anastomosis operation is performed. Try to avoid performing primary surgery when the condition is severe.