Autumn diarrhea

　　1、Immature digestive system The digestive system of infants and young children is not mature, the activity of enzymes is poor, but the nutritional needs are relatively high, and the intestinal burden is heavy. If feeding is not proper, such as overfeeding starchy or fatty foods, leading to changes in composition, or eating too much at one time, it can cause digestive dysfunction and lead to diarrhea.

　　2、Immature immune function During the early years of childhood, the nervous system, endocrine system, circulatory system, as well as liver and kidney function are not mature, the regulatory function is poor, and the immune function is not mature. When pathogenic bacteria enter the body with contaminated food, diarrhea is likely to occur.

　　3、Rotavirus infection Infantile autumn diarrhea is mainly caused by rotavirus infection (pathogenic microorganisms can enter the baby's digestive tract with contaminated food or water), and this condition often occurs in artificially fed infants. If the utensils or food used for feeding are not disinfected or the disinfection is not good, there is a possibility of infection. The virus can also be infected through the respiratory tract or water source, and this condition often occurs from 8 to 12 months, with the highest peak in October and November.

　　Autumn diarrhea caused by rotavirus infection has two transmission routes: one is from feces to mouth, that is, after direct or indirect contact with the feces of the patient, the virus is brought into the mouth through food; the other is airborne transmission, that is, the virus in the feces of the patient spreads to the air and enters the human body through the respiratory tract.

　　4、Large temperature difference The temperature changes in autumn are great, from cold to hot. Climate change can also cause colds, abdominal cold, and various infections, which can also lead to diarrhea.

　　  The main cause of diarrhea in autumn and winter is rotavirus. This virus usually has a latent period of 1 to 3 days in young children.

      During the onset, most children will have some symptoms similar to respiratory infections such as the common cold, such as runny nose, fever, etc., and some children will also have vomiting symptoms. Within 12 to 24 hours after these symptoms appear, children will start to have diarrhea continuously, 7 to 10 times a day, and the stool is like water or egg flower soup, most of which do not have a special smell. If it is not sent to the hospital in time, or treated as a cold or indigestion, the disease will be delayed. Many children will have dehydration symptoms after half a day of continuous diarrhea, which is very dangerous.

　　The main characteristics of autumn diarrhea are vomiting first, followed by diarrhea, accompanied by fever, stool呈水样或蛋花汤样, the course of the disease is self-limiting, that is, medication cannot significantly change the course of the disease.

      Clinical common symptoms:

　　(1)Onset is acute, in the early stage, it is often accompanied by common cold symptoms, such as cough, nasal congestion, and runny nose, and half of the patients will also have fever (common in the early stage of the disease), generally low fever, rarely high fever;

　　(2)Increased frequency of stools, about 10 times a day, more than 3 times should be considered as autumn diarrhea, the stool is white, yellow, or green egg flower soup-like, with a little mucus or pus and blood, and a fishy smell;

　　(3)Half of the patients will experience vomiting. Vomiting symptoms occur most often in the early stage of the disease, generally not exceeding 3 days.

　　(4)Severe diarrhea can cause dehydration symptoms, such as obvious thirst, reduced urine output, and restlessness;

　　(5)The course of the disease is self-limiting, the course of the disease is generally 5-7 days, and the time of diarrhea may be longer for malnutrition, rickets, and weak and often sick individuals.

　　1.Pay attention to hygiene After changing diapers, before breastfeeding, before making formula, and before feeding the baby, mothers should wash their hands. For infants breastfed by mothers, the breasts should be wiped clean before breastfeeding. For infants on artificial feeding, special attention should be paid to the disinfection of feeding utensils and avoid feeding spoiled milk.

　　2.There are讲究in adding weaning food When adding weaning food in autumn, one must pay attention to start with a small amount, and only add one type of food at a time to allow the baby's digestive tract to adapt. In addition, when adding weaning food, one should start with semi-liquid food and gradually transition to solid food, as adding solid food too early can easily lead to diarrhea. When making weaning food for infants, fresh food should be used, made and eaten immediately, and leftovers should not be given to infants. Hands should be washed for adults and children before touching food.

　　3.Disinfect dishes and cooking utensils before use Dishes (such as cutting boards, forks, straws, filtering gauze or sieve, juicers, various containers, etc.) used for making weaning food for babies (especially those under 6 months old) should be dried after use and cleaned and disinfected before use.

　　4.Pay attention to food placement The food placed in the refrigerator must be boiled before eating and a clean container should be used to replace it. Leftover milk placed at room temperature should not exceed 4 hours. When the container is reused, it must be boiled again before use.

　　5.Keep the air fresh Do not close the doors and windows tightly because of the cold weather, as this may make the baby catch a cold. Keeping good air circulation indoors can reduce the opportunity for viral infection.

　　6.Do not chew food for the baby Do not ever chew food for the baby, as this can lead to baby diarrhea. Some mothers are afraid of scalding the child and like to use the tip of their tongue to舔, to test the temperature, which is a bad habit. There are also some mothers who like to peck at the nipple to taste the temperature of the milk, which is even worse. The normal bacteria in the adult mouth may be pathogenic bacteria for the baby.

　　7.Do not contact other babies with diarrhea Do not take the baby to medical places where children with diseases are concentrated, do not go to public places as much as possible, and try not to contact babies with diarrhea.

　　8.Active Vaccination: If necessary, parents can give their children oral rotavirus live vaccine to prevent the occurrence of the disease.

　　1. Routine Examination Blood routine and biochemical tests can help understand the presence of anemia, leukocytosis, diabetes, as well as electrolyte and acid-base balance. Fresh fecal examination is the most important step in diagnosing the etiology of acute and chronic diarrhea, which can detect bleeding, pus cells, protozoa, worm eggs, lipomas, undigested food, etc. The occult blood test can detect invisible bleeding. Fecal culture can detect pathogenic microorganisms. Sometimes, to differentiate secretory diarrhea from hypertonic diarrhea, it may be necessary to check fecal electrolytes and osmotic pressure.

　　2. Small Intestine Absorption Function Test

　　(1) Fecal Lipid Determination: The simplest qualitative examination method is to observe fat droplets under a microscope using Sudan III staining on fecal smears. The fecal lipid content is mostly positive when it is above 15%. The fat balance test is a chemical method to determine the daily fecal lipid content, with the most accurate results. The 131 iodine-glycerol triester and 131 iodine-oil acid absorption test are more convenient but less accurate than the balance test. An increase in fecal lipid beyond normal indicates malabsorption of fat, which may be caused by intestinal mucosal lesions, excessive bacteria in the intestine, or insufficient exocrine pancreas.

　　(2) D-xylose Absorption Test: A positive result reflects malabsorption caused by jejunitis or excessive bacteria in the small intestine. In diseases with insufficient exocrine pancreas or only involving the ileum, the xylose test is normal.

　　(3) Vitamin B12 Absorption Test (Schilling test): The excretion of vitamin B12 in urine is lower than normal in cases of ileal dysfunction or excessive resection, excessive bacteria in the intestine, or pernicious anemia.

　　(4) Pancreatic Function Test: Abnormal function indicates that malabsorption of the small intestine is caused by pancreatic disease.

　　(5) Breath Test: ① 14C-glycine breath test: There is a significant increase in the CO2 exhaled from the lungs and the CO2 excreted in feces when there is malfunction or excessive resection of the ileum, as well as excessive bacteria in the small intestine. ② Hydrogen breath test: It is valuable for diagnosing lactose or other disaccharide malabsorption, excessive bacteria in the small intestine, or rapid small intestinal transit.

　　Definitely do not fast, on the contrary, encourage the child to eat more, and can eat small and frequent meals.

       Fasting is only needed in one case, that is, when the child vomits frequently, fasting is needed, and at the same time, it is necessary to go to the hospital for intravenous fluid replacement. The main diet is fluid and semi-fluid, that is, milk, congee, and porridge, for example, Nuobiezi infant formula milk added nucleotides, choline, taurine, which are helpful for enhancing the baby's resistance and restoring health. Do not eat porridge or hard food temporarily, avoid eating allergenic foods such as seafood, eggs, etc.; do not eat raw and cold, hard, fried, and fatty foods, especially raw and cold things. Cooked apples can stop diarrhea. Cooked apples also contain a lot of tannic acid protein, which has an adsorbing effect and can stop diarrhea.

　　1. Autumn diarrhea is self-limiting and will heal on its own. Taking medicine in time cannot significantly shorten the course of the disease. If drugs are used reasonably in the early stage, the course of the disease can be shortened and the symptoms can be alleviated. New Bolin + Simida + Peficon.

　　Autumn diarrhea is caused by a viral infection. Although there is currently no effective drug for this virus, if new Bolin is used early, it can inhibit the replication and reproduction of the virus, reduce the number of viruses, and thus alleviate the symptoms and shorten the course of the disease.

　　2. Advise the use of gastrointestinal mucosal protective agent Montmorillonite powder (such as Simaiti 1g children's package and Simida 3g package), Simaiti 1g children's package, three times a day, one packet per time, one gram per packet. Simida 3g package needs to be taken orally manually three times, for a course of 3 to 6 days. Montmorillonite powder does not enter the blood circulation, is safe to take, and is excreted from the body with the peristalsis of the large intestine a few hours after taking. Its main component, natural montmorillonite particles, has a strong fixation and inhibitory effect on viruses, bacteria, and toxins produced in the gastrointestinal tract, and has a strong covering and protective ability for the gastrointestinal mucosa, repairing and improving the defense ability of the mucosal barrier against attacking factors. It has the effects of balancing normal flora and local analgesia. Moreover, Montmorillonite powder does not enter the blood circulation system, has no toxic and side effects, and is very safe.

　　For dysbacteriosis, choose microecological preparations such as Fructooligosaccharides, Peficon, and Mami Love, etc. Supplement a large amount of vitamin B to improve the function of the gastrointestinal tract, shorten the course of the disease, for example, Xiangxiao and Baolikang, and there is also high content 80 Fructooligosaccharides.