Cardiac asthma

　　The main causes of cardiac asthma include the following:

　　1. Myocardial lesions of the left ventricle, such as coronary heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, congestive cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, and others.

　　2. Overload of left ventricular pressure load, such as hypertension, aortic stenosis, and obstructive cardiomyopathy.

　　3. Overload of left ventricular volume load, such as aortic valve insufficiency and mitral valve insufficiency.

　　4. Reduced diastolic compliance of the left ventricle, mainly seen in coronary heart disease, hypertension, obstructive cardiomyopathy, and diseases with left ventricular hypertrophy.

　　5. Severe arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, paroxysmal tachycardia, and high-degree atrioventricular block.

　　The main complications of cardiac asthma mainly include the following:

　　1. Concurrent heart failure and acute pulmonary edema.

　　2. Due to asthma attacks, hypoxia, inadequate intake of food and water, and dehydration, water, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalances often occur.

　　3. Due to the retention of gas in the alveoli during asthma attacks, the alveoli become overinflated, and the intrapulmonary pressure increases significantly. Chronic asthma with concurrent emphysema can lead to the rupture of pulmonary bullae, forming spontaneous pneumothorax.

　　The most prominent clinical manifestation of cardiac asthma is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. Cardiac asthma often occurs 1-2 hours after deep sleep at night. Patients may suddenly wake up due to stuffiness and shortness of breath, forced to sit up immediately and open the windows, intending to alleviate the feeling of asphyxia, accompanied by paroxysmal cough, wheezing respiratory sounds, or expectoration of frothy sputum. Mild cases can take a sitting position for about ten minutes to one hour, and the difficulty in breathing can disappear automatically, and the patient can fall asleep again; severe cases can continue to occur, with frequent coughing, shortness of breath, cyanosis, profuse sweating, and cold hands and feet, coughing up pink frothy sputum.

　　In the prevention of heart源性哮喘, attention should be paid to the following aspects:

　　1. Actively treat the primary disease and improve cardiac function.

　　2. It is not advisable to keep cats, dogs, and other small animals indoors.

　　3. Pay attention to physical exercise in daily life, use cold water for bathing, dry towels to wipe the body, so that the vagus nerve tension of the lung, trachea, and bronchus can be relieved.

　　4. Strengthen nutrition, avoid mental stimulation, avoid colds and overexertion.

　　X-ray examination of heart源性哮喘 patients shows increased shadowing at both pulmonary hilum, varying degrees of pulmonary congestion, enlargement of the left ventricle, and enlargement of the left atrium and pulmonary artery segment. Electrocardiogram shows hypertrophy of the left ventricle and ST-T changes. Echocardiography shows enlargement of the left ventricular diameter and decreased amplitude of ventricular wall motion, etc.

　　In terms of diet, heart源性哮喘 patients should pay attention to the following aspects:

　　1. The diet of patients should be light and nutritious, eat less and more meals.

　　2. Do not eat刺激性 food and irritants, eat less spicy and greasy food, limit salt intake, and avoid eating too much food containing certain harmful additives.

　　3. Pay attention to eating foods rich in vitamin A to protect the tracheal epithelial cells; eat more foods rich in vitamin C to promote anti-inflammatory, anti-scorbutic, prevent colds, prevent cancer, and enhance immune function.

　　4. Patients should eat more foods rich in calcium to enhance the anti-allergic ability of the trachea.

　　In the treatment of heart源性哮喘， it is necessary to strive to find the cause and carry out etiological treatment. For example, paroxysmal dyspnea caused by mitral stenosis can be completely relieved by mitral valve separation. The treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is the same as that of other acute heart failure, such as sedation, oxygen therapy, assuming a sitting position, hanging down the legs, reducing venous return. Cardiac glycosides, diuretics, and vasodilators can be used during treatment to improve cardiac function.