Pulmonary Failure

　　Pulmonary failure is caused by various long-term diseases of the lungs, or due to lung injury by pathogenic toxins, or due to lesions of the heart, brain, kidneys, and other organs affecting the lungs, leading to lung failure and the inability to expel the old and absorb the new, with the internal obstruction of turbid phlegm. It is a disease of the exhalation type, mainly manifested by dyspnea, lifting the shoulders, cyanosis of the lips, cold limbs, and coughing with thick phlegm.

　　In addition to general symptoms, it can also cause other diseases. This disease is characterized by shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, and cyanosis of the lips and cold limbs. Therefore, once discovered, it should be treated actively, and preventive measures should also be taken in daily life. It should be highly regarded by clinical doctors and patients.

　　Acute conditions such as drowning, electric shock, trauma, drug poisoning, severe infection, and shock; chronic conditions often secondary to chronic respiratory system diseases, such as chronic bronchitis, emphysema, etc. The combination of clinical manifestations and blood gas analysis is helpful for diagnosis.

　　There is currently no effective preventive measure for this disease. Early detection and early diagnosis are the key to the prevention and treatment of the disease. The patient's diet should be light and easy to digest, with an emphasis on eating more vegetables and fruits, a reasonable diet, and ensuring adequate nutrition. In addition, patients should also pay attention to avoiding spicy, greasy, and cold foods.

　　1. Medical history

　　There is often a history of bronchitis, lung, pleura, pulmonary vessels, heart, neuromuscular, or severe organic diseases.

　　2. Symptoms

　　In addition to the primary symptoms of the underlying disease, the main manifestations are hypoxia and carbon dioxide retention, such as difficulty breathing, rapid breathing, and symptoms of the central nervous system, and in cases of concurrent pulmonary encephalopathy, there may also be gastrointestinal bleeding.

　　3. Blood gas analysis

　　Arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) < 8.0 Kpa (60 mmHg) and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) > 6.7 Kpa (50 mmHg) indicates type II respiratory failure. If only the arterial partial pressure of oxygen is reduced, it is type I respiratory failure.

　　4. Electrolyte examination

　　When respiratory acidosis is complicated with metabolic acidosis, it is often accompanied by hyperkalemia; when respiratory acidosis is complicated with metabolic alkalosis, there is often hypokalemia and hypochloremia.

　　5. Sputum examination

　　The results of sputum smear and bacterial culture can help guide medication.

　　6. Physical examination findings

　　There may be cyanosis, consciousness disorders, conjunctival congestion, edema, flapping tremors, papilledema, etc.

　　7. Other examinations

　　According to the different primary diseases, such as pulmonary function tests, chest imaging, etc., there are corresponding findings.

　　1. High pillow position or semi-recumbent position to reduce pulmonary congestion.

　　2. High-calorie, high-protein diet rich in vitamins, should be light in taste.

　　3. Strengthen the body.

　　4. Patients with lung failure often have abdominal distension, take concentrated decoction of traditional Chinese medicine in small quantities multiple times.

　　5. Strictly monitor the changes in the patient's condition.

　　1. Syndrome of phlegm heat obstructing the lung:Shortness of breath with raised shoulders, coughing and sputum obstruction, thick yellow sputum, difficult to cough up, coughing causes chest pain, red face, dry mouth and desire for drinks, red tongue with yellow greasy coating, slippery and rapid pulse. Clear heat and resolve phlegm to open the lung.

　　2. Syndrome of lung dryness and intestinal obstruction:Shortness of breath with raised shoulders, coughing and sputum obstruction, chest stuffiness, unable to lie down due to shortness of breath, abdominal distension and constipation, bitter and dry mouth, fever and red face, reddish urine, yellow greasy tongue coating, deep and thick pulse. Clear the lung and moisten dryness, and clear and relieve intestinal heat.

　　3. Syndrome of lung Qi and Yin deficiency:Shortness of breath, low coughing sound, thin sputum, spontaneous sweating and aversion to wind, or with coughing and less sputum, sticky in quality, restlessness and thirst, red cheeks, pale tongue with peeled coating, weak or thready pulse. Tonify Qi and nourish Yin.

　　4. Syndrome of Yang deficiency with tendency to collapse:Coughing and shortness of breath, opening the mouth and raising the shoulders, flaring nostrils, and severe shortness of breath upon exertion, palpitations, ashen face and purple lips, sweating like pearls, cold limbs, floating, large pulse without root. Revitalize Yang (Tonify Qi) and strengthen the loose body.