Splenomegalie

　　Hyperactivity of the spleen is related to splenomegaly, and the causes of splenomegaly include:

　　1, infectious diseases

　　Infectious diseases include infectious mononucleosis, subacute bacterial endocarditis, miliary tuberculosis, brucellosis, schistosomiasis, kala-azar, and malaria, etc.

　　2, immune diseases

　　Immune diseases include idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, Felty syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and sarcoidosis, etc.

　　3, hemorrhagic diseases

　　Hemorrhagic diseases include congestive heart failure, restrictive pericarditis, B-, syndrome, liver cirrhosis, portal or splenic vein thrombosis, etc.

　　4, blood system diseases

　　Blood system diseases include hemolytic anemia, infiltrative splenomegaly, etc.

　　5, diseases of the spleen

　　Diseases of the spleen include spleen lymphoma, spleen cysts, and spleen hemangioma, etc.

　　6, primary splenomegaly

　　The cause of the disease is unknown.

　　The physiological effects of hyperactivity of the spleen are mainly related to the function of the spleen. When blood passes through the spleen, blood cells are excessively damaged, causing a decrease in the count of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, accompanied by a series of symptoms.

　　1, splenic embolism and perisplenitis: Severe pain in the upper left abdomen or lower left chest can be seen, and it worsens with breathing, with local tenderness and friction, and friction sounds can be heard.

　　2, combined with various infections: The main cause is the decrease of white blood cells. In severe cases, life-threatening conditions may arise due to infection and bleeding tendency.

　　In patients with hyperactivity of the spleen, the reduction of blood cells can lead to anemia, infection, and bleeding tendency. Spleen enlargement is usually asymptomatic and is often discovered during physical examination. Sometimes the symptoms of a large spleen are also very mild, and patients may feel discomfort in the abdomen, decreased appetite, or discomfort when lying on one side. If there is pain and friction related to respiration in the left hypochondrium, it often suggests the possibility of splenic infarction.

　　The degree of blood cell reduction caused by hyperactivity of the spleen function due to various reasons is different. Usually, when the spleen is enlarged due to stasis, the reduction of blood cells is more obvious. When the spleen is enlarged due to infiltration, such as chronic leukemia, hyperactivity of the spleen is often not obvious. The degree of spleen enlargement in clinical practice is not necessarily parallel to the hyperactivity of the spleen function.

　　By paying attention to protecting the spleen, it is possible to reduce the occurrence of spleen diseases.

　　1, method of invigorating the spleen

　　In the morning and before going to bed, you can do supine sit-ups while lying on the bed, every day20-40 times. The elderly should rub their abdomen with both hands, taking a supine sleeping position, with the navel as the center, and the palm rotating to massage.20 times. Taking a walk can also nourish the spleen and stomach, which can increase appetite and smooth the flow of Qi and blood. In addition, the spleen can be nourished by using lotus seeds, silver ear, lily, white adzuki bean, coix seed, and yam with glutinous rice to make porridge.

　　2、温脾法

　　夏天，人都贪食冷食，容易脾胃积冷，引起消化不良，可采用热敷法，温脾有效。取食盐100克，上火炒热，装入较厚布袋，放在腹部，即可温脾散寒，消止腹痛。

　　脾亢通常表现为腹部不适，一般需要通过下面的检查确诊：

　　1、脾脏肿大。

　　2、外周血细胞减少：其中红细胞、白细胞或血小板可一种或多种（两种或三种）同时减少。

　　3、骨髓造血细胞增生：骨髓增生活跃或明显活跃。部分病例可出现轻度成熟障碍表现。

　　4、脾脏切除后可使外周血象接近或恢复正常。

　　551Nach der Injektion von mit Cr markierten Thrombozyten oder Erythrozyten in den Körper und der Durchführung einer Körperoberflächenscannung kann eine übermäßige Zerstörung von Thrombozyten oder Erythrozyten angezeigt werden.

　　以下几种汤可以有效的调理脾脏，从而缓解脾亢的症状。

　　1、清补凉瘦肉汤有去湿开胃，除痰健肺等温和清凉功效，特别适宜身体瘦弱，虚不受补者饮用，是夏秋季节的合时汤水。

　　2、绿豆银耳汤消暑解毒的同时更有益气补血的功效。

　　3、人参竹荪汤除了有清凉退火的作用，还可以益气生津。

　　4、参麦骨汤清热润肺，同时消暑止渴。

　　5、清补凉汤健脾益气，同时清热润肺。

　　6、老黄瓜瘦肉汤暑热天饮用，能清热、解暑、止渴、利尿。

　　切除脾脏及X线放射治疗并不能解除引起脾亢的原发病，所以一般应先治疗原发疾病，若不能收效，则在切脾后再积极治疗原发疾病。脾脏切除的指证有以下各点：

　　1、脾肿大显著，引起明显的压迫症状。

　　2、贫血严重，尤其是有溶血性贫血时。

　　3、相当程度的血小板减少及出血症状。若血小板数正常或轻度减少，切除脾脏后可能出现血小板增多症，甚至发生血栓形成，所以血小板正常或轻度减少者不宜切脾。