Knee Arthritis

　　1. Not fully clearRheumatoid arthritis is a disease closely related to environmental factors, cells, viruses, genetics, sex hormones, and mental and psychological states.

　　2. Bacterial FactorsExperimental studies have shown that group A streptococci and their cell walls, possibly containing peptidoglycan, may act as a persistent stimulus for RA onset. Group A streptococci can persist in the body for a long time, becoming a persistent antigen, stimulating the body to produce antibodies, causing immune pathological damage and leading to disease. The arthritis animal model produced by mycoplasma is similar to human RA, but does not produce the rheumatoid factor (RF) that is unique to human RA. Bacteria or bacterial antigen substances have never been found in the synovial fluid and synovial tissue of RA patients, suggesting that bacteria may be related to the onset of RA, but direct evidence is lacking.

　　3. Viral factors: The relationship between RA and viruses, especially EB virus, is one of the issues that foreign scholars have focused on. Studies have shown that the arthritis caused by EB virus infection is different from RA, and RA patients have a stronger reactivity to EB virus than normal people. Persistent high levels of anti-EB virus-cell membrane antigen antibodies are found in the serum and synovial fluid of RA patients, but to date, no EB virus nuclear antigen or capsid antigen antibodies have been found in the serum of RA patients.

　　4. Genetic factors: The incidence of RA is higher in some families, and in population surveys, it has been found that human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR4 is associated with RF-positive patients. HLA research has found that DW4 is related to the pathogenesis of RA, with 70% of patients being positive for HLA-DW4, indicating that the susceptible gene is present, and therefore, heredity may play an important role in the pathogenesis.

　　5. Sex hormones: Studies have shown that the incidence ratio of RA between men and women is 1:2-4, the condition may improve during pregnancy, and the incidence of the disease in women taking birth control pills may decrease. Animal models show that LEW/n female mice are highly sensitive to arthritis, and the incidence rate in males is low. Male mice that have been castrated or treated with β-estradiol have the same incidence of arthritis as female mice, indicating that sex hormones play a certain role in the pathogenesis of RA.

　　Cold, dampness, fatigue, malnutrition, trauma, and mental factors are often triggering factors for the disease, but most patients do not have obvious triggering factors.

　　In the end, knee deformities may appear, such as knee flexion contracture, O-shaped legs or X-shaped legs, and even crutches are needed to walk. Complications of knee osteoarthritis may lead to limb joint movement disorders, and in severe cases, it may produce limb valgus and flexion contracture deformities, and finally joint disability may occur.

　　Knee osteoarthritis can be monarticular or bilateral, and is more common in women, who are often overweight.

      Symptoms after middle age: when sitting up and standing, there is a feeling of pain and discomfort in the knee, which disappears after walking for a while, which is an early manifestation. As the disease progresses, activity does not alleviate the pain, and there may be some difficulty in climbing stairs or squatting and rising from a sitting position, and one needs to support the knee with their hand. After walking more, the knee may swell slightly, or severely, and some pale yellow fluid can be extracted. Due to the thickening of the synovium and joint capsule due to lesions, there may be a sound during movement. If there are loose bodies within the joint, they can affect joint movement and there may be intermittent "joint locking" phenomena. In the end, knee deformities may appear, such as knee flexion contracture, O-shaped legs or X-shaped legs, and even crutches are needed to walk. The knee joint may become deformed, for example, knee flexion contracture, O-shaped legs or X-shaped legs, and even crutches are needed to walk. Complications of knee osteoarthritis may lead to limb joint movement disorders, and in severe cases, it may produce limb valgus and flexion contracture deformities, and finally joint disability may occur.

　　Arthritis is known as the world's leading disabling disease, with an estimated 400 million arthritis patients worldwide, over 100 million in China, most of whom suffer from osteoarthritis, such as knee osteoarthritis.

　　Preventing knee osteoarthritis should start from a young age, almost everyone over 40 will experience changes in weight-bearing joints. Although most symptoms only appear as age increases. In addition to age, risk factors for knee arthritis include overweight, injury, and diabetes, etc.

　　American scientists have issued a warning that women who like to wear high heels, due to excessive pressure on the knee joints, will eventually develop degenerative knee arthritis. Doctors suggest that beautiful women should wear them less, and when they have to wear them, they should avoid squatting, kneeling, or climbing stairs. Secondly, experts suggest: first, control weight; obesity not only induces other systemic diseases but also causes the body's joints to be involved, accelerating the wear of the soft tissues between the joints and causing osteoarthritis. Secondly, participate in physical exercise appropriately to strengthen muscles and bones, but avoid overexercising to cause joint injuries. In addition, pay attention to posture when sitting for a long time; office workers should change their posture frequently to avoid the joints of a certain part being in a load-bearing state for a long time. Pay attention to moderate exercise and reasonable diet; in addition, pay attention to preventing injuries, do not bend over or stoop for a long time; prevent overfatigue and avoid long-term pressure on the joints; change habits such as excessive drinking.

　　If you have already developed knee arthritis, pay attention to the following measures to slow the progression of the disease: In the cold and damp autumn and winter seasons, patients should pay attention to keeping warm, especially wrapping the knee or cotton cloth on the key parts, not allowing the affected area to come into contact with the cold wind; avoid climbing very steep stairs and walking up and down slopes; avoid mechanical injuries in daily life; those who are affected by the knee joint should avoid running and ball sports and other剧烈 sports; for bad postures such as flat feet, genu varum and genu valgum, hunchback, and scoliosis, they should try to correct them as much as possible.

　　One can also take shark cartilage powder to promote cartilage regeneration. In fact, shark cartilage powder has become the representative of complementary and alternative therapies in developed countries in the West, used in the clinical field for the treatment of knee arthritis, because cartilage regeneration is the fundamental method for the rehabilitation of knee arthritis. In addition, it has no side effects and drug dependence, so it has become a new trend in world medicine after the 1980s.

　　Currently, for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, there are different standards in various countries. In 1958, the American Rheumatology Association proposed a revised diagnostic criterion, which has been adopted by many countries. The following is an introduction to it:

　　(1) Morning stiffness.

　　(2) At least one knee joint has pain or tenderness during movement.

　　(3) At least one knee joint is swollen (soft tissue hypertrophy or effusion rather than bone hyperplasia, as seen by the doctor).

　　(4) At least another knee joint is swollen (as seen by the doctor, the time interval between the involvement of the two joints should not exceed 3 months).

　　(5) Symmetry joint swelling (as seen by the doctor), involving the same joint on both sides of the body (it is not necessary to be completely symmetrical if the distal interphalangeal joints, metacarpophalangeal joints, or toe joints are involved), and the involvement of distal interphalangeal joints does not meet this standard.

　　(6) Subcutaneous nodules on the prominence of the bone or the extensor side near the joint (as seen by the doctor).

　　(7) Standard X-ray findings (except for osteophyte, there must be osteoporosis near the affected joint).

　　(8) Positive rheumatoid factor.

　　(9) Poor coagulation of mucin in synovial fluid.

　　(10) Have three or more of the following synovial pathological changes: obvious villous hyperplasia; superficial synovial cell hyperplasia and palisade-like; obvious chronic inflammatory cell infiltration (mainly lymphocytes and plasma cells) and a tendency to form lymph nodes; dense纤维素 deposition in the superficial or interstitial tissue; focal necrosis.

　　(11) The histological changes in the subcutaneous nodules should show a central necrotic focus, surrounded by palisade hyperplastic macrophages and the most outer chronic inflammatory cell infiltration.

　　Chuanwu Porridge

　　Ingredients: Processed Chuanwu 2 grams, ginger juice 10 drops, japonica rice 30 grams, honey as required.

　　Method of Preparation: Grind Chuanwu into powder, clean the japonica rice, put them in an earthen pot, add a suitable amount of water, add Chuanwu after boiling, cook over low heat for 2-3 hours, add ginger juice and honey after the rice is cooked, stir well, and boil for another 1-2 boils.

　　Method of Consumption: Eat with meals, as desired.

　　Radix Achyranthis Bidentata and Cinnamon Powder

　　Ingredients: Fructus Corni 100 grams, Radix Achyranthis Bidentata 100 grams, Cinnamon 60 grams.

　　Method of Preparation: Clean the above ingredients, dry them in the sun or dry them, grind them into fine powder, and set aside.

　　Method of Consumption: Take 3 grams once a day, taken with yellow wine.

　　Radix Achyranthis Bidentata Lees

　　Ingredients: Radix Achyranthis Bidentata 500 grams, glutinous rice 1000 grams, sweet leavening agent as required.

　　Method of Preparation: First, clean the Radix Achyranthis Bidentata, put it in a pot with a suitable amount of water, boil for 2-3 times, take some of the herbal juice to soak glutinous rice, and the other part of the herbal juice to cook the glutinous rice, mix it with sweet leavening agent, ferment it into lees in a warm place.

　　Method of Consumption: Take 30 grams of lees and boil for consumption once a day.

　　Mulberry and Mulberry Branch Wine

　　Ingredients: Fresh Mulberry 500 grams, fresh Mulberry branch 100 grams, brown sugar 500 grams, white wine 1000 grams.

　　Method of Preparation: Clean and cut the Mulberry branch, soak it with Mulberry fruit and brown sugar in wine, and it can be drunk after one month.

　　Method of Consumption: Drink as desired, but do not get drunk.

　　Tea Therapy

　　(1) Chuanxiong Tea: 3 grams of Chuanxiong, 6 grams of tea leaves, ground into fine powder, mixed well, infused with boiling water, and consumed frequently as tea. Taken once a day, and taken regularly.

　　(2) Chrysanthemum and Forsythia Tea: 5 grams of tea leaves ground into powder, 5 grams of Forsythia, 6 grams of Chrysanthemum, infused with boiling water, and consumed multiple times a day. It is used for patients with joint pain, fever, and redness.

　　(3) Scrophularia and Ophiopogon Tea: 8 grams of Scrophularia, 8 grams of Ophiopogon, mixed with a small amount of tea leaves, infused with boiling water for 10 minutes before drinking. It can be used for elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis who have dry mouth and irritability.

　　(4) Astragalus and American Ginseng Tea: 5 grams of Astragalus, 5 grams of American Ginseng, cut into thin slices, mixed with tea leaves, and infused with boiling water for 10 minutes before drinking. One dose per day, which can be consumed 6-8 times. It is used for elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis due to both qi and yin deficiency, who experience restless sleep and excessive sweating.

　　Magnetic therapy is a method of treating diseases by applying a magnetic field to the human body. The magnetic field affects the distribution of human body currents, the movement of charged particles, and the permeability of the membrane system, causing changes in the physiological and biochemical processes of tissue cells, producing effects such as analgesia, swelling reduction, and promoting blood and lymph circulation.

　　In the early 1960s, ferrite magnetic blocks were used to apply pressure to acupoints to treat hypertension, knee arthritis, and other symptoms. Up to now, Chinese magnetic therapy has entered a stage of multi-level, multi-disciplinary, multi-level, and in-depth improvement. There are clear arguments on the theory, biological effects, clinical indications, methodology, and research on magnetic therapy products. Magnetic therapy has become a major method for treating insomnia. Many medical workers have conducted further research on the mechanism, and various magnetic therapy clothing and magnetic therapy sleep systems are developing towards a higher level.

　　Magnetic Therapy for OsteoarthritisThe most commonly used one is the analgesic and sedative pad, in which the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet produces a biomagnetic field that simulates the characteristics of the human body's magnetic field, with stable performance! It can correct the human body's own magnetic field and enhance the biological electromagnetic energy of the human body's meridians, promote the flow of Qi, and achieve the effect of promoting blood circulation, inflammation and pain relief, and producing effects such as promoting tissue metabolism, sedation, analgesia, calming, and blood circulation.

　　Pain Point Targeting TherapyIn traditional Chinese medicine, pain points are also known as Ashi points, Tianying points,不确定 points, sensitive points, etc. Any point without a fixed location and name is treated by focusing on the local pain or tender points, which is generally called pain point targeting therapy or Ashi point targeting therapy. The main diseases treated by Ashi points are mostly pain-related, and their effects are mainly local. From ancient times to the present, Ashi points have been widely used, and their analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects mainly lie in unblocking the stasis at the pain points, regulating Qi and blood, making the meridian Qi and blood unobstructed, and achieving the effect of not feeling pain when unobstructed. These points make up for the deficiencies of the fourteen meridian points and extra-meridian extraordinary points in regulating Qi and blood. Magnetic patches made according to the characteristics of Ashi points and pain points produce capillary dilation effects at the corresponding pain points through the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet at the center of the adhesive.配合膏贴内的有效药物成分渗膝关节部位，达到舒筋活络、消炎镇痛的作用。