Follicular cysts

　　(I) Etiology
　　Follicular cysts: their pathogenesis involves both physiological and pathological aspects. The occurrence of cystic follicles and follicular cysts is due to: ① Dysfunction of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary gonadotropic axis; ② Thickening of the ovarian white membrane, blocking the rupture of follicles; ③ Influence of placental hormones and maternal hormones on the fetus and neonate.

　　(II) Pathogenesis
　　1. Gross morphology: The surface of the ovary is smooth or there may be a bulge at the site of the cyst, usually solitary, occasionally multiple. Located within or below the cortex. The diameter of the cyst rarely exceeds 4 cm, and rarely reaches 7 to 8 cm. The cyst wall is thin, the cavity is smooth, grayish or dark purple, and the cyst fluid is watery or hemorrhagic.
　　2. Tissue morphology: The cyst wall is composed of several layers of granulosa cells and the surrounding follicle membrane cells, both of which can be slightly flavedo. Granulosa cells can form call-Exner bodies. As the cyst fluid increases, the cells in the cyst wall gradually degenerate, and ultimately only a single layer of flattened granulosa cells and glassy degenerated follicle membrane cells remain, which are often diagnosed as simple cysts in histology.

       Follicular cysts can easily lead to complications such as acute abdomen, which is a serious disease threatening women's health. Therefore, once signs are detected, timely treatment is essential and the disease progression should not be delayed.

　　Symptoms of follicular cysts: precocious puberty, bleeding after menopause.
　　Follicular cysts generally do not present with自觉 symptoms and are often discovered incidentally during gynecological examination or cesarean section. The cysts usually absorb and regress naturally within 4 to 6 weeks. In some cases, persistent follicular secretion of estrogen can lead to hyperplasia of the endometrium, vaginal bleeding after menopause, and pseudo-precocious puberty in young girls.

　　Preventive measures: The pathogenesis of follicular cysts is complex and may be a physiological phenomenon caused by the combined action of various external factors, and there is currently no effective preventive measures. Early detection and active treatment of children and acute abdominal pain patients are recommended.

　　Hormone level detection: Determine the level of endogenous sex hormones in the body to understand female endocrine function and diagnose diseases related to endocrine disorders. The commonly used six sexual hormones are, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), testosterone (T), prolactin (PRL).
　　Other auxiliary examinations: histopathological examination, tumor marker examination, abdominal ultrasound, etc.

　　Suitable Diet for Patients with Follicular Cysts
　　1. Eat more foods with antitumor effects: horseshoe crabs, sea horses, turtles, dragon pearl tea, hawthorn.
　　2. For bleeding, eat goat blood, snails, shrimps, cuttlefish, shepherds' purse, lotus root, mushrooms, malan head, stone ear, hazelnuts, persimmon cakes.
　　3. For infection, eat eels, scallops, water snakes, needlefish, carps, kelp, celery, sesame, buckwheat, rapeseed, toon, red beans, mung beans.
　　4. For abdominal pain and distension, eat pork kidneys, myrica, hawthorn, citrus, walnuts, chestnuts.

　　Dietary taboos for patients with follicular cysts
　　1. Avoid smoking and drinking.
　　2. Avoid刺激性 foods such as scallions, garlic, peppers, and cassia bark.
　　3. Avoid greasy, fried, moldy, and preserved foods.
　　4. Avoid warm and moving blood foods such as mutton, dog meat, chives, pepper, etc.

　　1. No treatment is needed for those without clinical symptoms.

　　2. Surgical Treatment: For those with obvious symptoms, ovarian cystectomy can be performed. If the cyst ruptures or twists, causing acute abdomen, unilateral adnexectomy can be performed.

　　3. Medication: For children with combined precocious puberty, which is caused by excessive secretion of central gonadotropin hormones, medication is recommended.

　　4. Minimally Invasive Treatment: The micro-electrode navigation technology currently conducted is a minimally invasive interventional method. It accurately locates the center of the cystic lesion with a cross, monitors in real time, and ensures that the micro-electrode enters the center of the cyst; combined with routine cytological examination and special organic solvent drugs with powerful dehydrating effects, the pathological cells with secretory function on the inner wall of the cyst become coagulated, denatured, and necrotic, thus achieving the therapeutic effect of completely removing the cyst in a short period of time.