Cervical squamous cell carcinoma

　　The occurrence of cervical squamous cell carcinoma is related to factors such as early marriage, early childbirth, multiple births, sexual disorder, economic status, ethnicity, and geographical environment. In recent years, a large number of studies have also shown that human papillomavirus infection in the reproductive tract plays an important role in the etiology of cervical cancer. However, the true cause of cervical cancer is not yet clear, and it may be related to the following triggering factors:
　　1. Viral infection.
　　2. Sexual behavior.
　　3. Menstrual and childbirth factors.
　　4. Phimosis stimulation.

　　Cervical cancer has seriously interfered with the daily lives of many women. If a large number of cervical cancer patients fail to seek medical treatment in a timely manner, their health will be threatened, and complications are also likely to occur. Then, what are the common complications of cervical cancer?

　　1, The impact of pregnancy on cervical cancer

　　During pregnancy, due to the increased blood supply and lymphatic flow in the pelvic cavity, it may promote the metastasis of cancer. Moreover, during delivery, there may be spread of cancer, severe hemorrhage, and postpartum infection. Due to the influence of estrogen, the activity of cervical transitional zone cells is increased, which may be similar to in situ cancer lesions, but there is directional differentiation, and polarity is maintained. These changes can be restored after delivery.

　　2, Cervical cancer with pregnancy

　　Its complications are relatively rare. Patients may seek medical attention due to threatened abortion or prepartum hemorrhage. Vaginal smears and biopsy can determine the diagnosis. Early pregnant women with vaginal bleeding should undergo routine cervical examination and cervical scraping cytology examination.

　　3, Pregnancy may also be associated with in situ cancer

　　Postpartum recovery is not possible. Therefore, it should be distinguished from in situ cancer to avoid delaying the disease.

　　Squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix: The cervix is a cauliflower-like or endogenous infiltrative growth mass. Histologically, it is squamous cell carcinoma with different degrees of differentiation, including high, medium, and low. The early symptoms of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix may not cause any discomfort and are often found during physical examinations or general surveys. Many patients seek medical attention due to contact bleeding. During sexual intercourse, defecation, and vaginal examination, there may be painless vaginal bleeding. A few patients may have an increase in vaginal discharge, which is pink and has a foul smell. For postmenopausal women, finding vaginal bleeding should be enough to cause concern, and they should go to the gynecology department of the hospital for a special examination in a timely manner.

　　It is necessary to popularize cancer prevention knowledge and standardize the screening of cervical cancer. Early detection and treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia can prevent the occurrence of invasive cervical cancer. Carry out cervical cancer screening to achieve early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment.

　　Cervical cytology is the basic method for early screening of cervical cancer. The detection of high-risk HPV DNA is combined with early screening. Patients with abnormal cytology and positive HPV DNA should undergo colposcopy, and cervical biopsy is the most reliable method for diagnosing cervical cancer.

　　The following points should be noted in the diet of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix:

　　1, Early cervical cancer

　　Early surgery generally has a minor impact on digestive tract function. The main focus should be on enhancing the patient's ability to resist diseases and improving the immune function. Nutrients such as proteins, sugars, fats, and vitamins should be consumed reasonably. When the patient has excessive vaginal bleeding, they should take some blood-nourishing, hemostatic, and anticancer foods, such as lotus root, Job's tears, hawthorn, black fungus, and plum. When the patient has excessive watery leukorrhea, it is advisable to take tonifying foods, such as turtle, pigeon eggs, and chicken. When the patient has excessive sticky leukorrhea with an unpleasant smell, it is advisable to eat light and diuretic foods, such as Job's tears, red bean, and white mugwort root.

　　2, Postoperative

　　Dietary nourishment should focus on replenishing Qi and blood, and promoting the production of essence, such as yam, longan, mulberry, goji, pork liver, turtle, sesame, and donkey hide glue, etc.

　　3. During Radiotherapy

　　Dietary nourishment should focus on nourishing blood and moistening yin, and can eat beef, pork liver, lotus root, mushrooms, spinach, celery, pomegranate, water chestnut, etc.; if radioactive cystitis and radioactive proctitis occur due to radiotherapy, then dietary adjustments with清热利湿, nourishing yin and detoxifying effects should be given, such as watermelon, Job's tears, red bean, water chestnut, lotus root, spinach, etc.

　　4. During Chemotherapy

　　Dietary nourishment should focus on strengthening the spleen and kidney, and can use yam powder, Job's tears porridge, animal liver, placenta, glue, turtle, mushrooms, goji, lotus root, banana, etc. When digestive tract reactions such as nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite occur, dietary adjustments should be made to strengthen the spleen and stomach, such as sugarcane juice, ginger juice, black plum, banana, tangerine, etc.

　　5. Late-stage cervical cancer

　　High-protein and high-calorie foods such as milk, eggs, beef, turtle, red bean, mung bean, fresh lotus root, spinach, winter melon, apple, etc. should be selected.

　　Individualized treatment plans are formulated after comprehensive consideration of clinical staging, patient age, fertility requirements, general condition, medical technology level and equipment conditions. The general principle is to adopt a comprehensive treatment plan with surgery and radiotherapy as the main methods and chemotherapy as the auxiliary method.

　　1. Surgical Treatment

　　Mainly used for early cervical cancer patients. Common surgical procedures include: total hysterectomy; subtotal hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy; extensive hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy; paraaortic lymph node resection or biopsy. The ovaries of young patients can be preserved if normal. For young patients who want to preserve fertility, conization or radical hysterectomy can be performed in early stages.

　　2. Radiotherapy

　　Applicable to patients in middle and late stages; early patients who are not suitable for surgery due to their general condition; preoperative radiotherapy for large cervical lesions; adjuvant treatment found to have high-risk factors in pathological examination after surgery.

　　3. Chemotherapy

　　主要用于晚期或复发转移的患者，近年也采用手术联合术前新辅助化疗（静脉或动脉灌注化疗）来缩小肿瘤病灶及控制亚临床转移，也用于放疗增敏。常用化疗药物有顺铂、卡铂、紫杉醇、博来霉素、异环磷酰胺、氟尿嘧啶等。