Erectile Dysfunction

　　I. Etiology

　　With the development of science and society, people's understanding of Erectile Dysfunction (ED) has deepened. For example, in the 15th century, it was believed that ED was possessed by demons, in the 18th century it was attributed to masturbation, in the early 19th century it was considered a psychological disease, and after 1950 it was believed to be a behavioral disease. Before 1970, it was still considered to be related to the decrease in androgen levels, natural aging, and psychological factors. Due to the lack of common knowledge about ED, many patients with ED bear heavy psychological burdens, affecting normal family life and often becoming reclusive and easily irritable, thus affecting interpersonal relationships. After 1970, with the progress of physiological and pathological research on ED, people realized that while psychological factors can cause ED, for most men, ED is related to many diseases (hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases), medications, trauma, and surgery, because the erection mechanism is a complete hemodynamic process involving the relaxation of penile cavernosal smooth muscle, dilation of penile arteries, increased blood flow, and obstruction of venous return. In this process, any dysfunction or any defect in the penile structure can cause and lead to erectile dysfunction. Therefore, the etiology of erectile dysfunction can be divided into:

　　1. Psychological Erectile Dysfunction:Refers to erectile dysfunction caused by mental and psychological factors such as tension, stress, depression, anxiety, and disharmony in the couple's relationship.

　　2. Organic Erectile Dysfunction

　　(1) Vascular Causes: Include any diseases that can lead to a decrease in blood flow to the corpus cavernosum of the penis, such as atherosclerosis, arterial injury, arterial stenosis, pudendal artery shunting, and cardiac dysfunction, or the corpus spongiosum of the penis, which hinders the venous return closure mechanism, due to a decrease in smooth muscle in the cavernous sinus of the penis, causing penile venous leakage.

　　(2) Neurological Causes: Central or peripheral nerve diseases or injuries can lead to erectile dysfunction.

　　(3) Surgery and Trauma: Operations such as major vascular surgery, radical prostatectomy, radical rectal cancer resection, and pelvic fractures, lumbar compression fractures, or injuries from falling on the perineum can cause damage to the blood vessels and nerves related to penile erection, leading to erectile dysfunction.

　　(4) Endocrine disorders, chronic diseases, and long-term use of certain drugs can also cause erectile dysfunction.

　　(5) Penile diseases: Such as penile induration (induration of penis), penile curvature deformity, severe phimosis and balanoposthitis.

　　3. Mixed ED:Refers to erectile dysfunction caused by the combined factors of mental and psychological factors and organic etiology. In addition, due to the failure to receive timely treatment for organic ED, the psychological pressure of patients increases, fear of sexual failure, making the treatment of ED more complex. A study on the etiology classification of 628 ED patients in China group shows: psychological accounts for 39%, organic for 15.8%, and mixed for 45.2%.

　　Second, Pathogenesis

　　1. Classification According to the pathophysiological mechanism of ED, it can be divided into 6 major categories:

　　(1) Psychogenic erectile dysfunction: Accounts for about 50% of ED patients, the main reasons include anxiety, depression, tension, disharmony in marital relations, or lack of sexual attractiveness of the partner, childhood bad habits, etc.

　　(2) Endocrine erectile dysfunction: For example, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, hyperprolactinemia, Klinefelter syndrome, testicular trauma, thyroid dysfunction, etc.

　　(3) Neurogenic erectile dysfunction: Damage to the sympathetic nerve or somatic nerve emitted from the sacral cord can cause partial or complete erectile dysfunction. In addition, certain diseases that cause neurological diseases can also trigger erectile dysfunction, such as diabetes, chronic alcoholism.

　　(4) Arterial erectile dysfunction: For example, atherosclerosis of the cavernous artery of the penis can cause lumen stenosis, radical prostatectomy, pelvic fracture, etc., causing damage to the penile artery, leading to a decrease in blood perfusion pressure and blood flow. In addition, smoking, hypertension, and diabetes can cause arterial lesions.

　　(5) Venous erectile dysfunction: Sometimes, even though the penile artery perfusion is sufficient, excessive venous leakage can also cause erectile dysfunction, such as white membrane defect, abnormal function of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle, etc.

　　(6) Others: Medications that interfere with the central nervous-endocrine function of the penis or affect local neural vascular regulation, such as antihypertensive drugs, antidepressants, anticholinergic drugs, and estrogens, are prone to induce erectile dysfunction.

　　Generally, (2) to (5) are referred to as organic erectile dysfunction.

　　2. The degree of ED is divided into three degrees of mild, moderate, and severe, and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire can objectively quantify the symptoms of ED.

　　(1) Severe ED: IIEF score 5-7 points.

　　(2) Moderate ED: IIEF score 8-11 points.

　　(3) Mild ED: IIEF score 12-21 points.

　　(4) No ED: IIEF score ≥ 22 points.

　　Erectile dysfunction generally does not have complications. However, long-term non-healing may have a certain impact on the psychological and emotional state of men, making them prone to feelings of inferiority. It may also affect family happiness and harmony.

　　1. Detailed medical history analysis, including the following content:

　　It is gradually developed or suddenly occurred, intermittent or continuous; the situation of nocturnal penile tumescence; whether there has been a major mental blow; the marital situation should understand the feelings with the spouse, the situation of childbirth, the purpose of seeking medical treatment, and should also ask about the drugs used, whether there is a history of trauma, whether there is diabetes or other chronic diseases, whether there is a masturbation habit and smoking and drinking habits, whether the prostatectomy, sterilization surgery or lower abdominal surgery has been performed, whether there is chronic prostatitis or seminal vesiculitis, etc.

　　2. Physical examination:

　　Attention should be paid to the general manifestations, blood pressure, nutritional status, development of secondary sexual characteristics, whether there is gynecomastia and milk, whether there are surgical scars, inguinal hernia, etc. The external genitalia should be checked, such as the size and shape of the penis, whether there is phimosis, whether there are nodules or penile curvature. If there is a suspicion of neurogenic erectile dysfunction, the prolongation of the bulbocavernosus muscle reflex time and urodynamic examination should be measured, and the anal sphincter muscle tension should be checked, etc.

　　1. Do not indulge in sexual desire and overindulge in desire.

　　2. Popularize sex education, correctly treat the natural physiological function of sex, reduce anxiety about sexual life, eliminate unnecessary mental concerns, and avoid the occurrence of psychogenic impotence.

　　3. Avoid taking or stopping taking drugs that may cause (or have been confirmed to cause) impotence.

　　4. Avoid various types of sexual stimulation, stop sexual life for a period of time to ensure that the sexual center and sexual organs can be adjusted and rested, which is conducive to the adjustment of will and the recovery of the disease.

　　5. Actively treat various diseases that may cause impotence. Both husband and wife have the responsibility. The woman should be considerate and understand the man, and should not blame or look down on the man. This will enhance the patient's confidence on the basis of understanding and promote mental nourishment, which can promote the blood circulation of the corpus cavernosum.

　　6. When impotence occurs, introduce all the diseases and their development and changes to the doctor to help early treatment and never hide the condition.

　　7. Keep a cheerful mood, keep a pure heart and desire, pay attention to the adjustment of life, strengthen physical exercise to enhance physical fitness and improve the ability to resist diseases. Once impotence occurs, both men and women should treat it correctly, carefully find out the cause, and actively treat it.

　　1. Blood and urine routine tests, fasting blood glucose, high-density and low-density lipoproteins, and liver and kidney function.

　　2. Hormone measurement includes serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and prolactin (PRL). If there is a suspicion of low testosterone secretion, the level of testosterone should be measured twice.

　　3. Chromosome examination should be performed if necessary.

　　4. Nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) function monitoring

　　(1) Tape or Snap-Gauge test: Before going to bed at night, a test ring with three different tension strips is fixed on the penis. The next morning, check the situation of the tension strips breaking and judge whether there was an erection of the penis at night and the firmness of the erection based on this.

　　(2) Penile rigidity tester: It is the only non-invasive examination that can determine the penile nocturnal inflation and reflect the penile hardness at the same time. Normal parameters: nocturnal erection frequency 3-6 times, each erection time lasting 5-10 minutes, hardness over 70%, inflation >2-3cm.

　　5. Penile brachial artery blood pressure index measurement (PBI) uses a Doppler ultrasound stethoscope to measure the systolic blood pressure of the brachial artery and the penile dorsal artery. The ratio of the systolic blood pressure of the penile dorsal artery to the systolic blood pressure of the brachial artery is the penile arterial blood pressure index. If PBI>0.75 is normal;

　　6. Intracavernous injection of vasoactive drug test (ICI) directly injects vasoactive substances into the cavernous body of the penis to induce an erection. The blood supply and venous return of the penis can be judged from the time, hardness, erection angle, and duration of the induced erection. Commonly used drugs include: 30mg of opium alkaloid plus 0.5-1mg of phentolamine; or 10-40μg of prostaglandin E1.

　　7. Cavernous cavernosography is suitable for those suspected of having a venous shunt. First, inject a vasoactive substance to induce penile erection, and then quickly inject 30% diatrizoate 30-100ml into the cavernous body. Take the penis anterior and lateral X-ray films immediately. There may be significant changes in those with venous shunt.

　　8. Selective penile arteriography Arteriography is the main method for evaluating the localization and nature of penile blood supply abnormalities, which is an invasive examination. It is contraindicated for patients with severe hypertension, diabetes, myocardial infarction and vascular inflammation.

　　9. Nervous system examination

　　(1) Autonomic nerve detection: There is currently no direct examination method, and it can only be indirectly understood and evaluated through the functional status of organs and systems involved in autonomic nerve lesions, the nerve distribution and their relationship with autonomic nerves. The examination includes: heart rate control test, reflex test of cardiovascular system, sympathetic skin reaction, cavernous muscle electromyography, temperature threshold test, urinary and anal reflex.

　　(2) Examination of somatic nervous system: including penile bio-threshold measurement test, sacral nerve stimulation response, pudendal nerve conduction velocity, somatosensory evoked potential.

　　10. Colour Doppler ultrasound (CDU) is a non-invasive examination. High-frequency probes can observe whether there are pathological changes in the penis, and a 4.5MHz pulse ranging probe can be used for blood flow analysis, measuring blood flow rate. Combined with ICI, it can observe the penile blood flow before and after injection, understand the penile arterial blood supply and venous closure mechanism. The main parameters include: the maximum blood flow rate of the arterial systole (PSV)>25cm/s indicates normal penile arterial blood supply, the diastolic blood flow rate (EDV)

　　11. Cavernometry (CM) is an effective method for diagnosing venous erectile dysfunction, where the maintenance of penile erection perfusion rate (MF) is directly related to the venous shunt. MF>10ml/min may consider venous closure.

　　First, impotence food therapy recipe

　　1, Stir-fried Chinese leek with sheep liver:90g of Chinese leek, wash and cut into sections; 120g of sheep liver, cut into slices, stir-fry in a wok with high heat, and eat with vinegar, to treat impotence due to gate of life fire decline.

　　2, Cistanche deserticola stewed sheep kidney:5g to 10g of Cistanche deserticola, one pair of sheep kidneys, cook and season, and eat to treat impotence due to gate of life fire decline.

　　3, Chicken turtle soup:Take one hen that has not laid eggs, weighing about 1000g, remove the feathers and internal organs; take one turtle weighing about 500g, remove the shell, add 9g of white pepper, 500g of brown sugar, and put them in the hen's abdominal cavity, place them in a sand pot, add 1000ml of白酒, cover, seal with mud, and cook with low heat until the meat is tender. Eat the soup and meat, finish within 2 to 3 days. After 15 days, take the same method and take it.

　　4, Medicinal shrimp paste:Take 30g of Chinese leek seeds, 15g of Chinese wolfberry and 15g of Cnidium monnieri, 10g of Semen Cuscutae, and decoct them with water, take one dose a day. In addition, boil 40g of fresh shrimp without heads and tails, slightly crush them, and add an appropriate amount of vinegar to make 30g of shrimp paste, take it all at once. Used for impotence due to kidney Yang deficiency, this recipe is warm but not dry.

　　5, Steamed sheep testicles:Take several scallion stalks, fill them with shrimp, to the extent of filling the scallion stalks, dry them with low heat, grind them into fine powder, and take 6g each morning. In addition, take one pair of sheep testicles, add a little old wine, steam and cook until tender, and take it every morning. One month is a course of treatment. Warm the kidney and strengthen Yang, used for impotence due to gate of life fire decline.

　　6, Pangolin banyan egg堡:12g of pangolin, 20g of banyan, and two eggs are cooked together with water, remove the shell after the eggs are cooked, and fry the eggs for another 15 minutes. Eat the eggs and drink the soup, once every other day, for a total of half a month. The combination of the three can disperse stagnation, supplement essence and Qi, invigorate Yang, and treat impotence due to liver Qi stagnation.

　　7, Dongpo mutton:240g of mutton, 45g of potato and carrot each, 60g of soy sauce, 6g of cooking wine, 4.5g of sugar, 9g of scallion, 3g of ginger, 0.5g of five-spice powder, 0.75g of Sichuan pepper, 120g of vegetable oil. Cut the mutton into small pieces, peel and wash the potatoes and carrots, and cut into diamond-shaped pieces. Place a large wok on a strong fire, pour in the vegetable oil, and when the oil smokes, add the mutton pieces, about 5 minutes, and remove when the meat turns golden yellow. Then add the potato and carrot pieces to the oil pot and also fry to golden yellow and remove. Pour off the remaining oil. Place the frying pan on a low fire, pour in the fried mutton pieces, add water, then add all the above spices together, and simmer until the meat is tender. Add the fried potato and carrot pieces, simmer for another 5 minutes, and then pour into a soup plate. It can be eaten with meals. It can replenish essence and blood, assist Yuan Yang, and is used for impotence due to kidney Yang deficiency.

　　8, Cordyceps sinensis duck:1 male duck, 10g of Cordyceps sinensis, a little salt, ginger, and scallion. Wash and place in a sand pot, add Cordyceps sinensis and the above spices, add an appropriate amount of water, and simmer with low heat until tender. It can be eaten with meals. It can replenish the body and aid Yang, and is used to treat impotence, seminal emission, and is an ideal nourishing food for long-term nourishment due to kidney Yang deficiency and cold, and gate of life fire decline.

　　9, Dog penis powder:Dog penis 1 piece. Heat the sand in the pot, add the dog penis to the pot and stir-fry until it becomes loose, then remove and grind into powder. Take 3g each time, twice a day, with warm water. Used for kidney Yang deficiency, impotence and cold seminal fluid.

　　10, Stewed Dog Meat:500g to 1000g of dog meat, clean and cut into pieces, add star anise, fennel, cassia bark, amomum fruit, ginger and salt in appropriate amounts, and stew in the pot until done, eat the meat and drink the soup. Used for impotence due to deficiency of spleen and kidney yang.

　　Second, Treatment with Wine:

　　1, Northeast Triple Treasure Wine:Made from marten kidney, donkey kidney, dog kidney, Hippocampus, Cervus lucifer, red ginseng, etc. Nourish the kidneys and loins, invigorate yang and expel cold, used for impotence due to kidney deficiency and cold essence.

　　2, Ginseng and Antler Three Whip Wine:Made from Cervus lucifer, Sichuan pepper, Angelica sinensis, Eucommia ulmoides, Cistanche deserticola, Asparagus cochinchinensis, Ophiopogon japonicus, Lycopodium clavatum, Cinnamomum cassia, Epimedii herba, sheep penis, Cistanches, Atractylodes macrocephala, Paeonia lactiflora, Poria cocos, Polygonatum sibiricum, Achyranthes bidentata, Radix rehmanniae, Polygonum multiflorum, Fructus psoraleae, sheep penis, dog penis. Strengthen the waist and kidneys, invigorate the spirit and tonify the qi, used for deficiency of qi and blood, impotence and seminal emission.

　　3, Cynanchum wilfordii Wine:Use 250g of Cynanchum wilfordii, chop the medicine, put it in a white cloth bag, soak it in 2 jin of white wine, seal it for 3 days, and then open it for daily use. Take 3 times a day, drink a cup on an empty stomach. Strengthen the bones and invigorate yang, eliminate wind and dampness, strengthen the muscles and bones, used for weakness and无力 in the waist and legs, impotence and premature ejaculation.

　　4, Piscivorous Uterus Wine:Use 30g of Piscivorous Uterus, 500g of white wine. Cut the Piscivorous Uterus into thin slices, wash it clean, put it in a gauze bag, tie the mouth, put it in the wine pot; pour the white wine into the wine pot, cover it, soak for 7 days to be ready. Take 3 times a day, 9g to 12g each time. Nourish the lower jiao, benefit the essence and marrow, used for impotence due to kidney yang deficiency and long-term deficiency of essence.

　　5, Chrysanthemum Wine:Chrysanthemum 200g, Lycium barbarum 60g, Rehmannia glutinosa 100g, Angelica sinensis 60g, rice wine 3000g. Break the medicine and put it in earthenware, add water over the medicine surface, boil over low heat for half an hour, cool down, then pour the rice wine and medicine juice together into the jar, cover and seal. Drink after 14 days. Twice a day, 10g to 20g each time.补肾fill essence, nourish the liver and improve eyesight, prolong life, used for deficiency of liver and kidney, deficiency of essence and blood caused by emaciation and impotence.

　　6, Wu Zi Wine:Rubus fruticosus 60g, Cuscuta chinensis 60g, various seeds 60g, Prunus mume 60g, Lycium barbarum 60g, Cervus elaphus parvipes 60g, white wine 2500g. Grind the medicine into fine powder, put it in a fine sand cloth bag, and place it with white wine in a small jar, cover and seal. Shake once a day, and drink after 14 days. Twice a day, 10g each time. Nourishes the liver and kidney, generates essence and fills the骨髓, solidifies essence and reduces urination, used for impotence and seminal emission due to liver and kidney deficiency.

　　7, Cervid Antler Wine:Cervus lucifer 15g, Dioscorea opposita 30g, white wine 500g. Cut the cervid antler and Dioscorea into thin slices and place them in white wine, cover and seal. Shake once a day, and it can be drunk after 7 days. Twice a day, 10g each time. Warms the kidney and fills essence, benefits the deficiency and restores, used for impotence due to insufficient kidney yang and deficiency of essence and blood.

　　8, Compound Zanthoxyllum Tea Wine:Semen Zanthoxyli and kernel each 50g, Cyperus rotundus and Epimedii herba each 30g, Carthamus tinctorius 3g, Earthworm 10g, Rock sugar 90g to 120g. The above medicine is soaked in vinegar, and it starts to take after 1 week. 20ml to 25ml each time, twice a day, in the morning and evening. It warms the kidney and strengthens yang, nourishes yin and invigorates the kidney, used for kidney deficiency and impotence.

　　Third, what kind of food is good for impotence:

　　1, Lychee

　　Traditional Chinese medicine believes that lychee tastes sweet, with a warm nature, and has the effects of nourishing Qi and blood, adding essence and marrow, producing saliva and harmonizing the stomach, enriching the muscles and nourishing the skin. It can improve sexual function and is used to treat symptoms such as seminal emission, impotence, premature ejaculation, and coldness.

　　2, Sparrow

　　Sparrow meat can replenish Yin essence and is a good product for strengthening Yang and enriching essence. It is suitable for treating impotence, lumbar pain, frequent urination, and replenishing Qi deficiency of the five internal organs. Sparrow meat can be cooked and eaten or soaked in wine for drinking, which has a warming effect. It has a good therapeutic effect on impotence, premature ejaculation, leukorrhea, and other conditions. Sparrow eggs and sparrow brains also have good nourishing effects. Sparrow brains can nourish the kidneys and benefit the ears, and can be eaten cooked to treat impotence and seminal emission in men; sparrow eggs have the effects of benefiting kidney Yang and replenishing Yin essence. They are effective in treating impotence, lumbar pain, and seminal emission with cold and thin seminal fluid. Sparrow meat is very hot, and it is not suitable for eating in spring and summer or for those with various hot symptoms and inflammations.

　　3, Goat Kidney

　　Goat kidney, also known as goat kidneys, is rich in protein, fat, vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin C, calcium, iron, phosphorus, and other nutrients. It tastes sweet and has a warm nature. It has the functions of replenishing essence and blood, strengthening Yang and invigorating the kidney. It can replenish physical weakness and kidney deficiency, and has the effects of strengthening Yang and invigorating the kidney. It is suitable for those with kidney Yang deficiency and impotence.

　　4, Goji Berries

　　Goji berries taste sweet, with a neutral nature, entering the liver, kidney, and lung meridians. They have the effects of nourishing the liver and kidney, benefiting essence and improving eyesight, harmonizing blood and moistening dryness, nourishing the skin and brightening the complexion, and nourishing the essence and blackening the hair. They are a healthy medicine to improve the sexual function of both men and women. They can be used to treat symptoms such as kidney and liver Yin deficiency, dizziness and blurred vision, dim vision, seminal emission and impotence, dark yellow complexion, yellowish hair, soreness and weakness in the lower back and knees, Yin deficiency cough, and elderly diabetes. Goji berries have the effect of exciting the nervous system, and those with excessive sexual desire should not take them.

　　5, Pine Nuts

　　Pine nuts are important Yang-tonifying foods. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that pine nuts taste sweet and have a slightly warm nature, with the functions of strengthening Yang and nourishing bones, harmonizing blood and beautifying skin, moistening the lungs and relieving cough, and smoothing intestines and facilitating defecation. Modern medical research has found that pine nuts contain a large amount of unsaturated fatty acids, high-quality protein, various vitamins, and minerals. Regular consumption can strengthen the body, improve the immune function of the body, delay aging, eliminate skin wrinkles, moisten and beautify the skin, and enhance sexual function.

　　6, Sparrow Egg

　　Egg of sparrow contains abundant high-quality protein, lecithin, cephalin, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, iron, phosphorus, calcium, and other nutrients. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that sparrow egg tastes sweet and salty, with a warm nature, and has the effects of nourishing essence and blood, strengthening Yang and solidifying kidney. It is suitable for symptoms such as insufficient essence and blood, cold limbs, and aversion to cold. For those with impotence due to kidney Yang deficiency, amenorrhea, dizziness, and poor complexion due to insufficient essence and blood, regular consumption of sparrow egg can have the effects of strengthening the body, nourishing the face, and enhancing sexual function. It is not suitable for those with Yin fire hyperactivity and Yang excess to eat sparrow egg.

　　7, Shrimp

　　Shrimp is a delicious food with high nutritional and medicinal effects, known as a powerful Yang-tonifying food. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that it tastes sweet and salty, with a warm nature, and has the functions of enhancing Yang and kidney, replenishing essence, and promoting lactation. It can be used as a tonic food for those with long-standing illness, physical weakness, shortness of breath, and lack of appetite. Regular consumption of shrimp can strengthen the body and enhance physical fitness.

　　8, Dried sea cucumber

　　Dried sea cucumber, also known as pearl vegetable and shell vegetable, contains abundant protein, iodine, B-group vitamins, zinc, iron, calcium, phosphorus, etc. They are salty in taste and warm in nature, with the effects of warming the kidneys and astringing essence, benefiting qi and replenishing deficiency. They are suitable for symptoms such as male sexual dysfunction, spermatorrhea, impotence, fatigue after sexual activity, and diabetes. Regular consumption of dried sea cucumber by men can strengthen the body and enhance sexual function.

　　9, Eels

　　Eels contain high-quality protein, fat, vitamin A, vitamin B1, niacin, iron, phosphorus, calcium, etc. They are sweet in taste and neutral in nature, with the effects of replenishing the middle-jiao and benefiting qi, nourishing the kidney and producing essence. They have a good effect on regulating sexual function. Eels contain a special protein that promotes sperm formation. Regular consumption of eels by adult men can invigorate the body and strengthen the physique.

　　10, Donkey meat

　　Donkey meat is said: the dragon meat in the sky, the donkey meat on the ground. Donkey meat is delicious, and it is a high-protein, low-fat, and low-cholesterol meat. According to traditional Chinese medicine, donkey meat is sweet and cool in taste, with the effects of nourishing qi and blood, tonifying yin and yang, calming the mind and relieving anxiety. The donkey kidney is sweet in taste and warm in nature, with the effects of benefiting the kidney and strengthening the yang, strengthening the tendons and bones. It can treat symptoms such as impotence, softness of the waist and knees, etc.

　　11, Oysters

　　Oysters, also known as oyster clams and oysters, are rich in zinc, iron, phosphorus, calcium, high-quality protein, sugars, and various vitamins. They are salty in taste and slightly cold in nature, with the effects of nourishing yin and subduing yang, and tonifying the kidney and astringing essence. Regular consumption of oysters by men can improve sexual function and the quality of sperm. It has a good effect on men with spermatorrhea, deficiency and exhaustion, kidney deficiency and impotence, etc.

　　12, Quail

　　Quail is said to be the best flying bird to eat. Quail meat is tender and delicious, with a fragrance that does not cause greasiness, and has always been listed as a superior wild bird. Quail meat is not only delicious and nutritious but also contains a variety of inorganic salts, lecithin, hormones, and various essential amino acids required by the human body. The meat and eggs of quail are good tonics, with the effects of tonifying the five zang organs, benefiting the essence and blood, warming the kidneys and assisting yang. It is believed in traditional Chinese medicine that quail meat can tonify the five zang organs, benefit the essence and blood, warm the kidneys and assist yang. Regular consumption of quail can enhance sexual function and increase strength and strengthen the tendons and bones.

　　13, Eggs

　　Eggs are the nutritional carrier of human sexual function and the best restorative agent for recovering vitality after sexual life.

　　14, Snake meat

　　Eating snake meat can effectively prolong the time of sexual life.

　　15, Pigeon meat

　　The reproductive capacity of pigeons is very strong, and their sexual desire is extremely strong, with frequent mating between males and females. This is due to the particularly strong secretion of sex hormones in pigeons, so people regard pigeons as a wonderful product to assist yang and strengthen the body, believing that it has the effects of tonifying kidney qi and strengthening sexual function. The efficacy of pigeon eggs is even better than that of pigeon meat. According to measurements, pigeon eggs, like pigeon meat, are rich in protein, vitamins, and iron, and have high nutritional value. The following food therapy recipe has a good effect on strengthening the essence and replenishing the kidney.

　　16, Dog meat

　　Dog meat is sweet and salty, with a warm nature, and has the effects of benefiting the spleen and stomach, and tonifying the yang. According to the Compendium of Materia Medica, dog meat has the functions of 'calming the five zang organs, lightening the body, invigorating the vital energy, benefiting the kidney and stomach, warming the waist and knees, strengthening the qi, replenishing the five kinds of overexertion and seven kinds of injuries, and replenishing the blood vessels'. Eating dog meat cooked with black beans and drinking the soup can treat impotence and premature ejaculation. Dog meat cooked with prepared aconite and ginger can warm the kidneys and strengthen the yang, dispel coldness and relieve pain. Dog meat is warm and hot, and eating too much can cause heat. Those with heat boils and those with excessive yang and fire should not eat it.

　　17, Bananas

　　Bananas are a quick source of physical recovery, and the potassium in bananas is essential for maintaining heartbeat, blood pressure, and other vital signs of the human body. In addition, the magnesium and vitamin B-6 in bananas can maintain the vitality of red blood cells and enhance the immune function of the human body. Therefore, in addition to grains in each man's breakfast, bananas are also indispensable.

　　18, Sea fish

　　In addition to deep-sea fish, there seems to be nothing else that can combine healthy fats and omega-3 fatty acids as perfectly. These unsaturated fatty acids are the first choice in human daily diet, which can not only protect the heart, promote blood circulation, but also enhance the human immune system and reduce the chance of men developing cancer.

　　19, Broccoli

　　Broccoli is rich in vitamin C, beta-carotene, potassium, magnesium, and other essential nutrients for the human body. Broccoli is sweet and mild in taste, has the effects of strengthening the kidneys and bones, and can effectively reduce the chance of heart disease when consumed regularly. Broccoli is also globally recognized as the best anti-cancer food, and men who want to prevent prostate cancer should choose it.

　　20, Nuts

　　Nuts rich in magnesium and antioxidants can effectively reduce the occurrence of heart disease, cancer, and prostate disease. In addition, selenium in nuts can reduce the level of harmful cholesterol in the human body, reducing the possibility of thrombosis caused by it.

　　21, Whole grain foods

　　Whole grain foods contain various vitamins and trace elements required by the human body and are the best source of roughage for the human body. Both men and women need to add this food to their breakfast.

　　22, Soybeans

　　Daidzein can effectively reduce the chance of men developing prostate cancer. Moreover, recent research shows that consuming 25g of soybean daily can also effectively control cholesterol levels in the body and reduce the occurrence of diseases.

　　23, Cherries

　　Men rarely take proactive sun protection measures, but the vitamin C, beta-carotene, and antioxidants in cherries can effectively repair damaged skin cells, making people look younger and more energetic.

　　24, Ramps

　　Ramps are also a traditional Chinese medicine, widely used since ancient times. Ramps seeds are stimulants with the effects of solidifying seminal emissions, aiding Yang, reinforcing the kidneys, treating leucorrhea, and warming the waist and knees. They are suitable for diseases such as impotence, seminal emission, and frequent urination. Taking 15 grams of ramp seeds powder twice a day, with hot water, is effective for treating impotence. Taking the decoction of ramp roots can treat night sweats and spontaneous sweating.

　　25, Honey

　　Honey contains a plant hormone similar to the pituitary hormone in the human body, which has the effect of activating the glands, and the sugar in honey is very beneficial for the formation of seminal fluid.

　　26, Seeds

　　Pine nuts, sesame seeds, sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, peach seeds, peanuts, and others have the effect of stimulating libido and causing sexual excitement.

　　27, Silkworm pupae

　　Rich in nutrition, it can tonify the liver and kidneys, invigorate the essence and Qi, strengthen Yang and treat impotence, solidify and stop seminal emissions. Elderly people with symptoms such as deficiency of the liver and kidneys, insufficient essence and Qi, impotence and seminal emission can all consume it.

　　28. Malt Oil

　　Malt oil is rich in vitamin B and E. Deficiency of vitamin E can lead to degeneration and atrophy of the penis, and a decrease in sex hormone secretion. Therefore, it is recommended to eat corn, millet, whole wheat flour, etc. containing malt oil regularly.

　　1. Special Inspection, Identify the Etiology

　　For the complex etiology of impotence, use high-tech advanced instruments to carry out special inspections on various projects related to sexual dysfunction, accurately identify the etiology causing sexual dysfunction, and take targeted treatment measures.

　　2. Targeted Treatment for Pathogenesis, Psychological Treatment

　　Comprehensively understand the patient's onset process, find the triggering cause from it, actively carry out psychological guidance, help patients eliminate mental barriers, and increase the confidence in recovery.

　　3. Electronic Meridian Therapy, Acupuncture Treatment

　　Using advanced sexual dysfunction diagnosis and treatment instruments, treating the human penis and related acupoints with special instruments, regulating the function of the cerebral cortex, exciting the activity of the spinal cord sexual center, dilating the penile arteriovenous vessels, activating the corpus cavernosum power, and increasing the volume of the corpus cavernosum, etc., for overall treatment.

　　4. Vacuum Negative Pressure, Aspiration Training

　　By using vacuum negative pressure, aspiration training, exciting the spinal cord sexual function center, helping penile erection, enhancing the blood filling of the corpus cavernosum, reducing blood reflux, increasing penile rigidity and maintaining erection time, and increasing the vitality of the penile muscles to improve the active penile erection function. At the same time, using functions such as simulating vaginal temperature, Chinese medicine liquid massage, and electrical pulse, effectively regulating the passive penile erection function of the penis.

　　5. Combination of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment

　　For sexual dysfunction caused by endocrine problems, reproductive system inflammation, insufficient blood supply, etc., syndrome differentiation and treatment, classified diagnosis and treatment are carried out. Combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine, scientific prescription, regulating Qi and blood, dredging meridians, eliminating inflammation, improving immunity, and promoting disease recovery.

　　6. Rehabilitation Examination, Prevent Recurrence

　　By understanding the patient's sexual life status, timely solving various psychological problems encountered in sexual life, and thus consolidating and enhancing the patient's confidence in sexual life. And according to the different conditions, regular rehabilitation examinations are conducted for the recovered patients to completely exclude the possibility of recurrence.

　　7. Drug Treatment

　　Intracavernosal injection of vasodilator drugs such as prostaglandin E1, opium, phentolamine, etc., can induce penile erection through the local vasodilation effect.