Balanoposthitis

　　Balanoposthitis is a common urological disease in daily life, also known as balanitis, which causes many male patients to suffer greatly and has a great impact on their physical and mental health. The causes of this disease can be divided into two categories:

　　1. Simple or non-infectious factors

　　Some patients' balanoposthitis is caused by phimosis, when the foreskin is too long, it is easy to cause dirt to accumulate inside the foreskin, and it is not easy to clean during the cleaning process. Over time, it will cause irritation to the foreskin of the patient, thereby forming balanoposthitis. If the patient has balanoposthitis caused by phimosis, it is necessary to have a foreskin circumcision operation in time.

　　2. Infectious or communicable diseases

　　The pathogenic bacteria of infectious male balanoposthitis, except for a few toxins with strong bacteria (such as gonococci), are mostly non-pathogenic microorganisms or low-toxic bacteria. Under certain conditions, they can become pathogenic factors, and are also called diseases caused by opportunistic pathogens. Due to unclean sexual contact, infections with Candida albicans, Trichomonas, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, gonococci, and other pathogens can all cause balanoposthitis.

　　During the acute stage of balanoposthitis, inflammation is obvious, with itching, pain, swelling of the glans, redness and swelling of the foreskin, tenderness, and special odor in purulent secretions. The glans becomes exposed, red and eroded, with solitary or multiple superficial ulcers. The inguinal lymph nodes are enlarged, and walking is difficult. If not treated in time, late complications can cause adhesions between the foreskin and the glans penis, making it impossible to roll up the foreskin, and even causing narrowing of the urethral orifice, leading to difficulty in urination and pain during urination.

　　Balanoposthitis is a common and frequent urological and reproductive disease. Balanoposthitis is divided into balanitis and balanitis, and since they often occur simultaneously, they are called balanoposthitis. This inflammation is divided into infectious and non-infectious types, and clinically, infectious balanoposthitis is more common, such as infections caused by Candida albicans, Trichomonas, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, gonococci, and other bacteria. Initially, the local area becomes red and the skin of the penis becomes red and swollen, with a feeling of burning and itching in the glans. When the foreskin is rolled back, the inner surface of the foreskin and the glans become congested and eroded, with exudate and even bleeding. After secondary bacterial infection, ulcers form with malodorous creamy pus-like secretions. The above symptoms can be exacerbated by local friction, or due to poor foreskin reversal and secretions accumulating and stimulating the wound surface. The自觉 symptoms are local pain, which is more obvious after friction, and the patient feels inconvenience in movement. In cases with significant local inflammation, there may be mild systemic symptoms, such as fatigue, weakness, low fever, and enlargement of the inguinal lymph nodes.

　　Balanoposthitis is a major reproductive disease that troubles men, and the harm it brings is not negligible. It can not only affect one's own health but may also affect fertility in severe cases.

　　1. Cultivating good hygiene habits

　　The occurrence of inflammation is due to the reproduction of bacteria, and the reproduction of bacteria is caused by unhealthy lifestyle habits, so maintaining cleanliness is an important factor in preventing balanoposthitis. In addition to taking a bath every day, men should pay attention to cleaning their external genitalia frequently, and should roll up the foreskin when cleaning.

　　2. Healthy diet

　　Diet should be light, avoiding overly greasy, spicy, cold and other stimulating foods. Eat more fresh fruits and vegetables to obtain the necessary vitamins for the human body.

　　3. Pay attention to rest

　　The pressure of modern life is indeed great, many people work early and return late, and overtime work is a common occurrence. In fact, we should have a regular lifestyle, not overwork, and combine work with rest, and get enough rest.

　　4、正确的对待性生活

　　避免过度频繁的性生活、不洁净的性生活，这些都会给包皮龟头炎带来可趁之机。

　　5、避免手淫过度

　　手淫是包皮阴茎头炎因素之一，手淫虽是男性比较常见的生理行为，但是手淫一定要适度，因为手淫过度危害男性的身心健康，还容易诱发一些疾病的出现，如常见的包皮龟头炎等疾病。

　　6、提高自身免疫力

　　不要一直的呆在室内，多出去走动走动，多加锻炼，可以调节情绪，还能增强体质。

　　7、避免不洁性生活

　　如果男性的妻子患有妇科疾病，则会通过性生活导致传染一些细菌，导致包皮炎的发生，所以要注意夫妇一方患性器官疾病要暂停性生活。

　　8、做包皮切割手术

　　包皮过长是导致包皮阴茎头炎的常见的原因，这是因为包皮过长很容易导致包皮垢的发生，这样就会滋生一些细菌，产生一些不良的症状表现，因此，男性若是存在包皮过长的情况，应该注意及早的去医院做手术。

　　以上就是一些在日常生活当中如何预防龟头炎的方法，男人要想做好包皮龟头炎预防的话最好是要远离刺激辛辣的食物，尽量少喝酒少抽烟，多洗澡，勤换内裤保持私密的干净，避免不洁性交等。

　　包皮阴茎头炎一般可以分为感染性和非感染性疾病，是男性常见的疾病，具体检查如下：

　　1、分泌物检查

　　念珠菌性龟头炎(包皮炎)可在病变的龟头、包皮上取材镜检或培养可找到念珠菌。滴虫性龟头炎可在分泌物上找到滴虫。

　　2、直接镜检

　　刮取阴茎龟头、冠状沟或包皮处皮损表面鳞屑作为待检标本。将待检标本用10％氢氧化钾或生理盐水制片，镜下可见成群的卵园形孢子和假菌丝，如找到较多的假菌丝时，说明念珠菌处于致病阶段。

　　3、染色检查

　　可用革兰染色法、刚果红染色或PAS染色法染色后镜检，其阳性率均比直接镜检法高。革兰染色，孢子和假菌丝染成兰色：刚果红和PAS染色，孢子和假菌丝则染成红色。

　　4、分离培养

　　涂片检查阴性的患者，可进行念珠菌培养。在无菌条件下将受检标本接种于沙氏培养基上，接种时将试管培养基斜而割破少许，每管接种2-3处，每份标本接种2管。将培养基放入37℃温箱内孵育24-48小时后观察，可见大量乳白色菌落生长，用接种针挑取少量菌落涂片，直接镜检或染色后镜检，可见大量芽孢子，可初步诊断为念珠菌感染。

　　5、Candida antibody test

　　White念珠菌 antibodies can be detected by immunodiffusion or latex agglutination method.

　　Lack of vitamin C is a common cause of balanoposthitis. Therefore, the diet for balanoposthitis can be supplemented in various ways, such as mushrooms, jujube, pork skin, honey, etc. Blood-heat and fire can also cause desquamation of the glans penis, it is necessary to cool the blood, and it is best to also nourish the blood. A large amount of vitamin C in the body is burned, and it needs to be supplemented. Often use nourishing yin and reducing fire, such as mushrooms, kelp, ophiopogon, gypsum, sand root, raw earth, etc. The diet for balanoposthitis should also be supplemented gently, using补血 jujube and cooling summer jujube or clearing blood mushrooms. Chrysanthemum clears the liver and brightens the eyes, rose promotes blood circulation and qi, has a strong antioxidant capacity, all of which can alleviate balanoposthitis.

　　To cure balanoposthitis as soon as possible, attention should be paid to the patient's diet, a balanced diet should be maintained, attention should be paid to food hygiene, prevent diseases from entering through the mouth, reduce the intake of fried, colored, preservative, essence, pickled, and deteriorated garbage food, in order not to destroy the immune system.

　　In the current urological diseases, more and more patients suffer from balanoposthitis. For the majority of male comrades, it is helpful to know more about this disease, whether or not they have contracted balanoposthitis. The impact of balanoposthitis is significant, it will directly affect the patient's sex life, and if left untreated for a long time, it may threaten the patient's life. People in life should pay attention to understanding and treating balanoposthitis, and avoid falling into the误区 of treatment.

　　The treatment of acute superficial balanoposthitis and annular ulcerative balanoposthitis is首选 to use Erythromycin and Tetracycline, generally 0.5g per dose, four times a day.

　　The treatment of trichomonas balanoposthitis is首选 to use Metronidazole, 0.2g per dose, three times a day, for 10 consecutive days.

　　The treatment of balanoposthitis caused by Candida albicans commonly uses Trofosfamycin or Itraconazole. Trofosfamycin 100,000 to 200,000 units, twice a day, Itraconazole 100mg per dose, twice a day, for 7 consecutive days.