Urethral cancer

　　The etiology of urethral cancer is not yet clear, but it is unrelated to the possibility of urethral papilloma occurrence. Urethral leukoplakia may be a precancerous lesion. Early urethral cancer is similar to urethral papilloma, polyps, and papillomas, and should be differentiated. Biopsy may be necessary if required.

　　Urethral cancer may lead to the following complications:

　　1. Obstructing the urethra causes difficulty in urination, but urinary retention occurs rarely.

　　2. Infection can penetrate through the urethral sponge, causing perineal urethritis, or lead to perineal urethral fistula.

　　Male urethral cancer is usually treated for urethral obstruction, tumor, perineal abscess, urinary extravasation, urethral fistula, and urethral secretions, with some patients experiencing pain, hematuria, or blood seminal.

　　Female urinary bladder cancer is more common in elderly women, with common symptoms such as urethral bleeding and hematuria. Other symptoms include frequent urination, dysuria, burning sensation during urination, difficulty in urination or sexual pain. Local masses can be seen or felt. Tumor necrosis, ulceration, and infection can cause yellow or bloody discharge with an odor from the urethra or vagina. Late-stage symptoms include weight loss, pelvic pain, perineal abscess, urinary incontinence, urethrovaginal fistula, or urinary retention.

　　Common symptoms are as follows:

　　1. Urethral bleeding is the main symptom. Urinary obstruction by the tumor can cause difficulty in urination.

　　2. When the tumor is large, a mass can be felt locally. Female urinary bladder cancer often grows out of the body along the urethral orifice.

　　3. In the late stage, symptoms such as urinary leakage, weight loss, and anemia may occur.

      There are no special effective preventive measures for urinary bladder cancer. Changing bad lifestyles and paying attention to personal hygiene is the key to prevention. The patient's diet should be light and easy to digest, eat more vegetables and fruits, and rationally match the diet, ensuring sufficient nutrition. In addition, patients should also pay attention to avoiding spicy, greasy, and cold foods.

　　Urinary bladder cancer is generally confirmed by urethrogram combined with biopsy. The specific examination methods are as follows:

　　1. Urethral bleeding, and the urethra can be touched for a mass.

　　2. Urethrogram shows filling defects in the urethra. Urethrogram is a special imaging examination, which is a commonly used method for diagnosing urethral diseases. It is divided into excretory urethrogram and retrograde urethrogram.

　　3. Tumors are seen in the urethroscope, and biopsy confirms it as a tumor.

　　4. Carcinoma cells are found in urine and urethral secretions.

　　After patients with urinary bladder cancer receive surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, they often suffer great damage to their vital energy, have an extremely weak physique, and their ability to resist disease decreases. At this time, if food therapy is used to assist, it will be beneficial to the recovery of the body.

　　1. American Ginseng and E jelly Soup: 12 grams of American ginseng, and 30 grams of E jelly. Boil the American ginseng into a decoction, grind the E jelly into powder, take 10 grams each time, and take it with the ginseng decoction. Take one dose daily, divided into three servings (American ginseng is chewed). This recipe is suitable for people with deficiency of both Qi and blood after radiotherapy and chemotherapy, with weak physique, hair loss, and decreased white blood cells.

　　2. Lily Dendrobium Pork Soup: 30 grams of lily, 15 grams of dendrobium, and 150-200 grams of lean pork. The above three ingredients are placed in a pot, add an appropriate amount of water, and simmer over low heat until tender. Drink the soup, eat the meat, and consume the lily. Take one dose daily. This recipe can be used as a food therapy during radiotherapy and chemotherapy for lung cancer, esophageal cancer, and gastric cancer patients.

　　3. Ginseng Astragalus Cockscomb Soup: 12 grams of ginseng, 60 grams of raw Astragalus, 30 grams of Chinese wolfberry, and 100 grams of turtle. The Astragalus slices are wrapped separately. The above four ingredients are placed in a pot, add an appropriate amount of water, and simmer over low heat. Eat the ginseng, wolfberry, and turtle, and drink the soup. Take one dose daily. This recipe is suitable for people with deficiency of both Qi and Yin after radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and with extremely weak physique.

　　4. Pear juice honey hawthorn dew: Mix 1 part pear juice, 3 parts honey, and 1 part hawthorn juice, and stir well before drinking. This recipe is suitable for symptoms such as thirst, dry throat and lips, low fever, irritability, constipation, and yellow urine during radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

　　5. Fructus Lycii and Chrysanthemum Drink: 15 grams of Fructus Lycii, 30 grams of Chrysanthemum, 6 grams of Licorice, cut into thin slices, placed in a teapot, infused with boiling water, covered for 5-10 minutes, and taken as tea. Take one dose a day. This recipe is suitable for various symptoms such as dizziness, tinnitus, thirst, irritability, and insomnia that may occur during radiotherapy and chemotherapy for cancer patients.

　　6. Sweet potato porridge: 500 grams of sweet potato (cleaned, unpeeled), cut into small pieces, 250 grams of glutinous rice, cooked into a thin gruel, eaten in one day. This recipe can be used as postoperative food therapy for esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, and colon cancer patients, and has a certain effect on preventing cancer metastasis.

　　First, what foods are good for urethral cancer patients

　　1. Eat more foods with anti-bladder and urethral tumor effects, such as toads, frogs, snails, kelp, seaweed, tortoise shell, turtle, sea cucumber, water snake, Job's tears, water chestnut, walnut, goat kidney, pork kidney, broad bean, sand worm, perch, and so on.

　　2. For urethral obstruction, eat kelp, wakame, seaweed, and green crab.

　　3. For infection, eat fish maw, shark fin, water snake, pigeon, jellyfish, lotus root starch, buckwheat, malan head, earth ear, turnip, olive, eggplant, fig, mung bean sprouts, soy milk, amaranth, seaweed, eel, and so on.

　　4. For bleeding, eat celery, chrysanthemum, leek, winter melon, black plum, date, sesame, lotus seeds, sea cucumber, and mouse meat.

　　Second, what foods should not be eaten for urethral cancer

　　1. Avoid smoking, alcohol, coffee, and cocoa.

　　2. Avoid spicy, hot and blood-activating foods.

　　3. Avoid moldy, fried, greasy and rich foods.

　　The treatment of urethral cancer is based on different conditions and adopts different treatment methods.

　　First, early stage:Early total urethrectomy can be performed, and partial or total penile resection and lymph node dissection can be performed when the tumor infiltrates around the urethra. Bladder and urethra resection and urinary diversion surgery must be performed for male posterior urethral and female urethral cancer.

　　Second, advanced stage:

　　1. Chemotherapy It is mostly used for palliative treatment, and the effect is not certain.

　　2. Radiotherapy There are external and internal radiation, radiotherapy for low-stage small tumors is satisfactory, but the radiotherapy effect for larger, high-stage posterior urethral cancer is poor. Common complications include urethral stricture, local necrosis, vulvar abscess, radioactive pelvic inflammatory disease, and so on.