Candidal balanitis

　　The main cause of candidal balanitis is related to sexual contact. Most cases occur in sexually active young and middle-aged adults. Before onset, there is a history of unclean sexual intercourse, or a large number of sexual partners, or a spouse with candidal vaginitis who has sexual intercourse during the onset period, which can also cause the disease. Candidal balanitis is caused by the infection of the glans mucosa by Candida albicans. Normally, the skin and mucosa of the human body have the ability to resist microbial invasion, which is known as the immune function. When the immune function of the glans mucosa decreases, it is possible to be infected with Candida albicans just by contacting it, leading to candidal balanitis. The following are several reasons that can lead to the decrease of the immune function of the glans mucosa:

　　1. The skin and mucosa of the male reproductive organ are rich in sebaceous glands. The pale yellow fatty-like substance secreted by the sebaceous glands - sebum, often accumulates on the glans sulcus and glans mucosa. Some patients with phimosis have their excessively long prepuce tightly wrapped around the entire glans, preventing the timely excretion of sebum secreted by the glans mucosal glands. Over time, this leads to the accumulation of sebum in the glans mucosal glands, causing the glans mucosa to become red and swollen, thereby reducing the resistance of the glans mucosa to diseases.

　　2. The skin and mucosa of the human reproductive organ are often in a moist state. If the glans mucosa is not cleaned frequently, it will be infected, which will also reduce the immune function of the glans mucosa.

　　3. Diseases of the reproductive tract such as gonorrhea, syphilis, condyloma acuminatum, non-gonococcal urethritis, and frequent use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and corticosteroids, as well as antitumor drugs, can reduce the ability of the glans mucosa to resist pathogen invasion.

　　Candidal balanitis is often caused by excessive secretion of sebaceous glands in the glans, moist vulva, and insufficient vulva cleaning, which easily allows mold spores scattered in the air or寄生 in this place to take root and germinate, causing trouble. At the same time, candidal balanitis is also related to sexual contact. It is easy to be infected with candidal vaginitis if one has sexual intercourse with a woman who has candidal vaginitis. Secondly, indirect contact with objects such as others' underwear, towels, bathtubs, etc., as well as the fact that patients with phimosis or phimosis are prone to allow the overgrowth and proliferation of Candida in the prepuce, the coronal sulcus, and the glans, thus causing balanitis.

　　Candidal balanoposthitis has become a common disease in the department of dermatology and sexually transmitted diseases in recent years. The following complications are likely to occur.

　　1, harming the health of the reproductive system:Balanoposthitis is also prone to cause inflammation of the prostate, testicles, epididymis, and sperm ducts and other organs. If it is not treated promptly and effectively, the mutual infection can cause great harm to reproductive health.

　　2, causing urinary system diseases:Balanoposthitis is also prone to cause ascending infection of the urinary system, which is more common in cystitis, nephritis, pyelonephritis, etc. If the onset is not treated properly during the acute stage, it may threaten life.

　　3, leading to sexual dysfunction:During the inflammatory period of balanoposthitis, the sexual sensory nerves on the glans penis are damaged by inflammation, causing men to be prone to premature ejaculation during sexual life, which can lead to the occurrence of impotence.

　　4, causing infertility:Due to the inflammatory secretions hidden in the foreskin entering the vagina during sexual intercourse along with seminal fluid, reducing the quality of seminal fluid and destroying the spermatid and oocyte cells, leading to infertility.

　　5, leading to dry and obstructive balanitis:It is a kind of pathological damage to balanoposthitis that is relatively serious, which not only destroys the normal physiological structure and appearance of the foreskin and glans penis, but also has a serious impact on the quality of夫妻 sexual life.

　　Candidal balanoposthitis has become a common disease in the department of dermatology and sexually transmitted diseases in recent years. Most patients are sexually active young and middle-aged adults, and they have a history of prostitution or a large number of sexual partners before onset. Alternatively, if their spouse has candidal vaginitis and they have sexual intercourse during the onset period, it can also lead to the onset. Erythema and inflammatory papules are seen on the glans penis, with some scales or exudates, and there may be thick secretions on the glans penis, or a white pseudomembrane-like film. There is a sense of itching and burning. Patients seeking medical attention are under great psychological stress and are very scared. Direct fungal microscopy of scraped scales can find a large number of spores and pseudohyphae.

　　Common typical symptoms include mild erythema and dry, smooth foreskin and glans penis, with white cheesy plaques on the inner plate of the foreskin and the coronal sulcus of the glans penis. When the scrotum is involved, scaly erythematous rash can be seen on the contact surface with the penis, with marked itching. When the urethra is involved, symptoms such as frequent urination and urgency may occur. A few patients may present with acute edematous balanoposthitis, with marked swelling and itching of the foreskin, with small ulcers appearing occasionally, and sometimes accompanied by diabetes. A few men may experience itching and burning sensation on the penis, along with erythema of the foreskin and glans penis, within a few hours after sexual intercourse with a woman suffering from candidal vaginitis. The appearance of these symptoms may be due to a high allergy to Candida albicans.

　　Candidal balanoposthitis is more common in cases of phimosis, with a history of unclean sexual intercourse. The foreskin and glans penis may show mild erythema, and there may be white cheesy plaques on the inner plate of the foreskin and the coronal sulcus of the glans penis. There may be pinpoint-sized pale red papules on the glans penis, and if it invades the outer foreskin and scrotum, scaly erythema may be seen. If the navicular fossa is involved, symptoms such as frequent urination and dysuria may occur. Locally, there may be burning sensation and itching. For those allergic to Candida, itching and burning sensation on the penis may occur a few hours after unclean sexual intercourse, along with erythema of the foreskin and glans penis. Occasionally, an acute edematous balanoposthitis may occur. The main manifestations are marked swelling and severe itching of the foreskin and glans penis, with superficial ulcers.

　　The existence of candidal balanitis brings a lot of harm to patients. Candidal balanitis generally occurs in men with a long foreskin, because the foreskin and glans penis are prone to produce smegma, creating a warm and moist environment for bacteria, which is easy to cause infection and inflammation. In daily life, people should pay attention to understanding some matters of candidal balanitis, patients with candidal balanitis should exercise more, and actively cooperate with the treatment of the hospital to prevent candidal balanitis.

　　1. Pay attention to personal hygiene, clean the glans penis and foreskin 1-2 times a day (clean water can be used for cleaning, do not use strong soap water or potassium permanganate solution for cleaning), try to keep the glans penis exposed, keep it clean and dry. Take a bath frequently, change underwear frequently, use a fixed personal bathtub and towel, and regularly disinfect them.

　　2. Topical application of non-irritating antifungal agents should be used for treatment, and if the effect is not satisfactory, itcurazole 200mg can be taken orally once a week for 2 consecutive weeks, and antifungal drugs should be used topically to maintain the efficacy.

　　3. If your wife has candidal vulvovaginitis and you have symptoms of severe itching of the foreskin and glans penis at the same time, it is highly suspected that you have candidal balanitis. You must go to the hospital for specialized medical treatment and do not take antibiotics randomly to avoid aggravating the condition.

　　4. If one of the couple has this disease, they should stop having sexual intercourse or wear a condom during sexual intercourse to avoid cross-infection.

　　5. If you have a fungal infection of the feet such as athlete's foot, do not scratch your feet with your hands, and then do not wash your hands before touching your genitals. Actively treat the fungal infection of the feet, and at the same time, pay attention not to wash underwear and socks together.

　　6. Prohibit the abuse of antibiotics and hormone drugs.

　　7. Actively treat systemic diseases such as adrenal cortical hyperfunction and diabetes to enhance the body's resistance.

　　8. For patients with a long foreskin, an early circumcision should be performed after the fungal infection is cured.

　　9. For patients whose symptoms do not disappear after a long period of treatment, it should be checked whether there is a concurrent trichomonal infection. If there is a concurrent trichomonal infection, antitrichomonal medication should be administered.

　　10. Do not engage in extramarital sex and should adhere to ethical conduct.

　　These are the preventive measures for candidal balanitis. Candidal balanitis has a high incidence, with mild initial symptoms such as peeling of the glans penis, which can improve and worsen. Therefore, it is easily overlooked in daily life. It is often accompanied by complications such as prostatitis, seminal vesiculitis, and epididymitis when severe, seriously damaging male reproductive health.

　　Candidal balanitis can be found in the foreskin and glans penis by taking samples for microscopic examination or culture. Trichomonal balanitis can be found in the secretion for trichomonads.

　　1, Early erythema, scattered red papules of needle size on the surface, covered with dot-like cheesy secretion, pustules, severe cases with erosion, exudation.

　　2, Direct microscopic examination of secretions shows candidal spores and hyphae.

　　3, Patients often have long-term use of broad-spectrum antibiotics or corticosteroids, or diabetes.

　　In addition to actively participating in the treatment of candidal balanitis under the guidance of a doctor, patients with candidal balanitis should also pay attention to the health care of candidal balanitis. The diet for candidal balanitis is an important point in the health care of candidal balanitis. Experts say that in addition to actively participating in the treatment of candidal balanitis under the guidance of a doctor, patients with candidal balanitis should also pay attention to the health care of candidal balanitis. The diet for candidal balanitis is an important point in the health care of candidal balanitis.

　　To treat candidal balanitis and improve immunity, it is best to eat more things that improve immunity, such as ganoderma lucidum, royal jelly, which are very good, as well as ordinary foods such as mushrooms, monkey head mushrooms, black fungus, silver ear, fresh radish, lily, garlic, tomatoes, sweet potatoes, tea, kelp, astragalus, honey, etc.

　　Lack of vitamin C is a common cause of candidal balanitis. Therefore, the diet for candidal balanitis can adopt various methods for nourishment, such as mushrooms, red beans, pork skin, honey, blood-heat and上火(upward) can also cause balanitis, cool the blood, and it is best to nourish the blood.

　　A large amount of vitamin C in the body is burned, and it needs to be supplemented. Often use nourishing Yin and reducing fire, such as mushrooms, kelp, ophiopogon, gypsum, sand root, raw earth, etc.

　　The diet for candidal balanitis should be mild and nourishing, using补血(red bean) and cooling summer and appetizing lotus leaves or clearing blood and vessels, or mushrooms. Chrysanthemum clears the liver and brightens the eyes, rose activates blood and promotes Qi, with strong antioxidant capacity, which can all alleviate candidal balanitis.

　　1, 50g of red bean, 500g of glutinous rice, cook to make porridge and eat, with the effect of clearing heat and detoxifying, and promoting diuresis and reducing swelling.

　　2, 250g of fresh toon leaves, washed and chopped, mixed with a little flour and salt, 500g of vegetable oil, heated, pour the mixture into the oil, fry until golden and remove, eat it. It can clear heat and promote diuresis, detoxify and reduce swelling.

　　3, Fresh mung bean sprouts in appropriate amount, stir-fried with vegetable oil, seasoned with salt and other seasonings, eat as a side dish, with the effect of clearing heat and detoxifying.

　　4, 1 loofah, 50g of glutinous rice, appropriate amount of sugar. First cook the porridge until half-cooked, add loofah when the porridge is cooked, remove the loofah and add sugar, eat the porridge, which can clear heat and detoxify, cool blood and reduce boils.

　　5, 50g of mung beans, 100g of glutinous rice, cook together to make porridge and eat, with the effect of clearing heat and detoxifying, and reducing edema.

　　6, 4 pork feet washed clean, add 50g of scallion, appropriate amount of salt, cook in a pot over low heat until tender, eat the meat and drink the soup in several servings, with the effect of detoxifying and reducing swelling.

　　7, 15g of silver flower, 10g of mung bean skin, used as tea, with the effect of clearing heat and detoxifying, and reducing swelling.

　　8, Winter melon drink, using one tender winter melon with green skin, washed and sliced, add appropriate amount of water, a little salt and seasoning, boil and eat, with the effect of clearing heat and promoting diuresis.

　　9, Lonicera japonica, Rhizoma Imperata in appropriate amount, decocted as tea for drinking, with the effects of clearing damp-heat and detoxifying.

　　In terms of external treatment, traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese herbs play a good therapeutic role in the treatment of balanoposthitis. There are many methods of external treatment for balanoposthitis in traditional Chinese medicine, and the treatment of balanoposthitis, whether in traditional Chinese medicine or Western medicine, is mainly external treatment. I will interpret the external treatment of balanoposthitis in traditional Chinese medicine and introduce the following:

　　1, Herba Belamcandae 60g, Radix Glycyrrhizae 30g, decocted water for external washing.

　　2, Cnidium monnieri, Sophora flavescens, Dictamnus dasycarpus, Dictamnus albus each 30g, Alun 10g, decocted water for external washing.

　　3, Indigo naturalis powder for external use.

　　4, Coptis chinensis in appropriate amount, roasted with pig bile and ground into powder for external application to the affected area.

　　5, Melia toosendan, Coptis chinensis, Sphagnum, Zanthoxylum bungeanum, root of Allium fistulosum, Folium Artemisiae argyi in equal parts, decocted water for external washing.

　　6, fresh leaves of Weeping Willow 300g, grind and apply externally to the affected area.

　　7, Fresh leaves of Weeping Willow, grind and apply externally.

　　8, Clam shell, Coptis chinensis, Indigo naturalis in equal parts, grind into fine powder for external application.

　　9, Lonicera japonica, Apium graveolens each 6g, Mentha haplocalyx, Coptis chinensis, Radix Glycyrrhizae each 3g, decocted water for external washing.

　　10, Areca nut powder, Areca nut 30g, Borneol 6g, grind into fine powder, apply externally.

　　11, Ginseng snake cypress decoction, Sophora flavescens 30g, Cnidium monnieri 20g, Coptis chinensis 15g, Schizonepeta, Radix Coptidis, Radix Angelicae dahuricae each 12g, decocted water for external washing.

　　12, Caruncle prescription, Borneol, Pearl, Light powder, Coix Seed各适量，grind into fine powder, dry ones mixed with sesame oil for application, wet ones with dry powder for application.

　　13, Head炎 prescription, Cnidium monnieri, Scutellaria baicalensis, Lonicera japonica, Sophora flavescens each 30g, Coptis chinensis, Rubia cordifolia, Cyperus rotundus, Herba Houttuyniae each 20g, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Radix Glycyrrhizae each 10g, Borneol 4g, decocted water for external washing of the affected area.

　　14, Shen Yi San, Coix Seed 6g, Myrrha, Kaki Seed, Dragon Bone each 6g, Pearl 3g, grind into fine powder, first decoct Coix Seed and wash the affected area, then apply the medicine.

　　15, Lonicera japonica, Schizonepeta, Natrii sulfas, Cnidium monnieri, Inula helenium, Angelica dahurica, Areca catechu each 30g, decocted water for external washing.

　　16, Pearl Paste for external use.

　　17, Astragalus 15g, decocted water for external washing.

　　18,蛤粉散，蛤粉、煅石膏各30g，轻粉、黄柏各15g，共研为细末，麻油调搽外用。