Bacterial vaginosis

　　1, Unscientific cleaning methods. Many women attach great importance to the cleanliness and hygiene of their private parts and often use some high-concentration cleaning fluids or soaps. The long-term use of these cleaning items will destroy the acid-base balance inside the vagina, leading to the loss of balance of the microenvironment, which in turn leads to the proliferation of bacteria, causing women to suffer from bacterial vaginosis. The correct cleaning method is to wash the private parts with warm water.

　　2, Frequent sexual intercourse. Frequent sexual intercourse and other factors lead to the excessive reproduction of pathogenic anaerobic bacteria and Gardnerella, causing a disorder of the vaginal microbial ecological balance. The number of aerobic lactobacillus decreases. Ultimately, it leads to bacterial vaginosis.

　　3, It can be caused by frequently wearing tight-fitting, buttock-binding triangle panties and high elasticity tight fitness pants. The fabric of these pants is made of synthetic fibers and is airtight. Vaginal discharge and sweat are not easy to evaporate, which is conducive to the reproduction of anaerobic bacteria, causing the disease.

　　4, During the menstrual period, bacteria can retrograde into the vagina. If not paying attention to menstrual hygiene and滥用 unclean toilet paper, it leads to the vulva being contaminated by unclean toilet paper and menstrual cotton plugs, and the bacteria take the opportunity to multiply and attack.

　　5, When the level of estrogen in the human body decreases, it leads to atrophy of the vaginal epithelium, a decrease in cell glycogen, which is not conducive to the growth of lactobacillus. Bacterial vaginosis is caused by the excessive use of antibiotics or the excessive washing of the vagina with alkaline solutions, which inhibits the growth of lactobacillus.

　　6, Due to the decarboxylase produced by anaerobic bacteria, it can stimulate Gardnerella to produce a certain amino acid, produce volatile amines, release a foul fishy smell, and amines raise the pH value, while inhibiting the growth of lactobacillus, causing the vaginal epidermal cells adhered to bacteria to fall off, resulting in increased vaginal discharge and leading to the occurrence of bacterial vaginosis.

　　1. Inducing infertility: Under normal circumstances, the vaginal flora is relatively balanced, and the acid-base balance is relatively even. This environment is very important for the temporary storage of sperm and passage, and once this environment is destroyed, infertility is more likely to occur.

　　2. Affecting fetal development: During pregnancy, the harm of bacterial vaginosis may increase, and it may also endanger the fetus - mild cases may cause restlessness of the fetus, and severe cases may lead to preterm birth.

　　3. Inducing other diseases: Bacterial vaginosis can induce reproductive organ infections, endometritis, salpingitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy and infertility, dyspareunia, and other diseases.

　　About 10% to 50% of patients with this disease are asymptomatic clinically. The typical symptoms are an increase in vaginal secretion, a distinct fishy odor, and may be accompanied by mild vulvar itching or burning sensation. The secretion is grayish-white, thin, and has a very low viscosity, making it easy to wipe the secretion off the vaginal wall. The vaginal mucosa shows no signs of congestion or inflammation.

　　1. The key to preventing bacterial vaginosis is to avoid unclean sexual activity. It is necessary to clean the vulva before and after sexual activity and avoid frequent sexual activity.

　　2. Avoid public places, such as public baths, public toilets, and sitting toilets.

　　3. After defecation, get into the habit of wiping clean with toilet paper from front to back, and wash or flush the anus with warm water. Do not use sanitary napkins in daily life to avoid increasing friction and irritation to the vulvar skin, leading to local heat and dampness accumulation, and causing vulvar inflammation.

　　4. Develop good hygiene habits, wash hands before using the toilet, use sterilized toilet paper, clean the vulva daily, and change clean underwear.

　　5. During menstruation, the vulva should be washed frequently with warm water, and sanitary napkins should be changed frequently to prevent blood stains from becoming a breeding ground for bacteria.

　　6. Wear loose and breathable cotton underwear, and avoid wearing tight, non-breathable nylon pants and jeans.

　　Laboratory examination is essential for the diagnosis of this disease. It is not possible to diagnose the disease simply by an increase in leukorrhea without laboratory examination. Laboratory examination includes smear, amine test, culture method, biochemical method, fluorescent antibody method, etc. Smear and amine test are simple and easy-to-operate laboratory methods that are very helpful for diagnosis. Those with conditions can perform culture or fluorescent antibody test.
　　(1) Smear microscopy:A smear of the secretion can find clue cells, which are epithelial cells with a large number of Gardnerella attached to the surface. The characteristics of these cells are rough or have small particles on the surface, as if a layer of flour has been sprinkled on them, and the bacteria are Gram-negative coccobacilli.
　　(2) Amine test:Adding a drop of 10% potassium hydroxide solution to the vaginal secretion can produce a 'fishy' ammonia smell, which is because the secretion contains a high amount of amines that can release ammonia when alkali is encountered.
　　(3) Culture method:The culture should be isolated first before being cultured, and a colony with a diameter of 0.5mm, round, opaque, and smooth surface can be seen.
　　(4) Biochemical method:The amount of lactate in the vaginal secretion of normal women is high and the amount of succinate is low, whereas in women with this disease, the measured values are exactly the opposite.
　　(5) Fluorescent antibody method:Fluorescent antibody staining and microscopic examination after smearing.

　　1. Avoid spicy foods: Eating spicy foods in large quantities can easily produce dryness and heat, causing internal organs to accumulate heat and toxicity, leading to symptoms such as vulvar and anal itching and pain, which will worsen the symptoms of the disease.

　　2. Avoid sweet and greasy foods: Greasy foods such as lard, butter, and beef fat, and high-sugar foods such as chocolate and sweet pastries have the effect of promoting dampness and increasing heat, which will increase the secretion of leukorrhea and affect the treatment effect.

　　3. Avoid fried and greasy foods: Foods such as fried dough sticks, butter, butter, and chocolate have the effect of promoting dampness and increasing heat, which will increase the secretion of leukorrhea and is not conducive to the treatment of the disease.

　　4. Avoid smoking and alcohol: This is because nicotine in tobacco can weaken the binding force of arterial blood and oxygen, and alcohol can promote damp-heat, so it should be avoided. Similarly, drinks containing alcohol, such as rice wine and medicinal wine, should not be consumed.

　　5. Avoid seafood and other pungent foods: Fish, shrimp, crabs, and other pungent foods will promote damp-heat, and eating them can worsen vulvar itching, which is not conducive to the regression of inflammation, so they should be avoided.

　　Oral Medication:The main drugs are metronidazole and clindamycin, and the efficacy of oral medication is similar to that of topical medication.

　　1. Oral metronidazole 200 mg, three times a day, for seven consecutive days.

　　2. Oral clindamycin 300 mg, twice a day, for seven consecutive days.

　　Vaginal Application:

　　Metronidazole suppositories 200 mg, vaginal application, once a day, for seven consecutive days.

　　Topical Application of Doctor's Compounded Suppositories: The treatment of bacterial vaginitis with doctor's compounded suppositories has good efficacy, and the vaginal application is performed after irrigation.

　　1% lactic acid or acetic acid solution can be used for vaginal irrigation to restore the normal physiological environment and inhibit bacterial growth. Lactobacillus therapy and lactobacillus preparations are mainly used for vaginal irrigation and the preparation of suppositories for insertion into the vagina.

　　Topical Ointment:Topical application of the doctor's compounded ointment can treat vulvitis caused by bacterial infection and alleviate the symptoms of vulvar itching and pain. The ointment has good antipruritic effects and is suitable for the treatment of bacterial vulvitis, vaginal inflammation, and vulvar itching and pain. Medication can be used for the treatment of bacterial vaginitis.