Gonorrhea during pregnancy

　　Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the pathogen of gonorrhea. Direct sexual contact is the main mode of transmission of gonorrhea. In addition, contacting daily necessities used by patients with gonorrhea can also lead to infection.

　　The main complications of this disease are mainly the following two types.

　　1, Endometritis: Generally occurs in women with gonorrhea who have given birth or had an early delivery, with symptoms such as increased leukorrhea, abdominal pain, and uterine enlargement and pain. Acute cases have an elevated body temperature.

　　2, Salpingitis: The patient has fever, chills, malaise, vomiting, intermittent pain in the lower abdomen and腰部, which can radiate to the perineum. Palpation shows tenderness on both sides of the lower abdomen, palpable tender lumps can be felt, and the uterus also has tenderness.

　　Acute symptoms or asymptomatic onset after acute infection. Generally, after a latent period of 2 to 3 days, the vulva first becomes inflamed, the patient feels itching, pain when walking, followed by urethritis, cervicitis, paraurethral glanditis, Bartholin glanditis, and proctitis, among which cervicitis is the most common. 70% of women with gonorrhea have urethral infection. If acute gonorrhea is not adequately treated, it can become chronic, with symptoms such as lower abdominal distension, lumbago, and increased leukorrhea. Pregnant women with gonorrhea can infect the fetus through the birth canal during delivery, especially when the fetus is in breech presentation, it is more susceptible to infection.

　　In areas with a high incidence of gonorrhea, pregnant women should undergo routine screening for gonococcus before delivery, and it is best to perform cervical secretion smear microscopic examination for gonococcus at the early, middle, and late stages of pregnancy. Newborns delivered by pregnant women with gonorrhea should be given preventive medication. Use penicillin 100,000 units intravenously every 8 hours, and apply erythromycin ointment to both eyes, at least twice a day.

　　Gonococcal examination mainly includes the following several kinds.

　　1. Including smear examination: Gram staining of smears from the urethral orifice, cervical canal, and other places shows multiple Gram-negative diplococci within polymorphonuclear leukocytes, which can make an initial diagnosis.

　　2. Antigen detection: Solid-phase enzyme immunoassay can be used to detect gonococcal antigens in clinical specimens and can be used to diagnose gonococcal infection in women.

　　3. Gene diagnosis: Gene diagnosis mainly includes the gene probe diagnosis of gonococcus and the gene amplification detection of gonococcus.

　　During the acute attack of gonorrhea, it is advisable to eat glutinous rice porridge, noodles, silver ear soup, mung bean soup, and fruits and vegetables that clear heat and detoxify. After the condition is stable, it is advisable to eat cakes, wontons, dumplings, milk, soy milk, eggs, lean pork, shrimp, etc. Sweet and salty can be mixed, and taken in small quantities multiple times. Patients should drink plenty of water to promote the excretion of toxins. This disease should avoid spicy and irritating foods such as chili, pepper, ginger, scallion, etc.

　　The principle of treatment should be timely, adequate, and regular medication. Gonorrhea pregnant women mainly use antibiotics for treatment. Usually, ceftriaxone sodium 1g is used intramuscularly once a day, and erythromycin 0.5g is taken orally four times a day, for a course of 7-10 days. For those allergic to beta-lactam antibiotics, use spectinomycin 2g intramuscularly once a day, and erythromycin is added, with the same dosage and administration as above, for a course of 7-10 days. Quinolone drugs should be avoided during pregnancy. Sexual partners should also be treated at the same time. After the course of treatment is over, it is necessary to re-examine whether the gonococcus is still positive. If the gonococcus is still positive after one course of treatment, it is necessary to change the medicine in time.