Tubal blockage

　　There are many causes of fallopian tube obstruction, mainly including the following points:

　　1. Gynecological inflammation

　　Pelvic inflammatory disease:Chronic pelvic inflammatory disease often manifests as bilateral salpingitis, which, over time, can cause the opening of the fallopian tube, especially the end that receives the egg (referred to as the fimbria), to become partially or completely occluded. It can also lead to the inner mucosa of the fallopian tube becoming narrowed or occluded due to inflammation and adhesion. This causes obstacles for the passage of eggs, sperm, or fertilized eggs, leading to infertility. Severe pelvic inflammatory disease can spread to the pelvic peritoneum, uterus, and tissues around the cervix, eventually causing these organs and tissues to become hard and less mobile, especially the fallopian tube losing its soft and蠕动ing physiological function, becoming rigid and twisted, and the lumen completely blocked, reaching a point where it is uncurable.

　　Salpingitis:When salpingitis occurs, the narrowest part of the fallopian tube and the fimbria are prone to adhesion, leading to stenosis or complete obstruction of the lumen. As a result, sperm and egg cannot meet in the lumen, causing infertility.

　　2. Unhygienic sexual life:Due to infections from unclean sexual life, such as sexually transmitted diseases, the diseases will lead to inflammatory changes in the fallopian tubes, causing varying degrees of obstruction.

　　3. Long-term vaginal bleeding:Due to gynecological tumors, uterine lesions, and other reasons leading to irregular vaginal bleeding, such as menorrhagia or menorrhagia, without treatment, secondary inflammatory infection can lead to ulceration and obstruction inside the fallopian tubes.

　　4. Abortion:During abortion surgery, due to various reasons such as mechanical stimulation, improper operation, or incomplete abortion, women often develop secondary inflammatory infections; with the successive invasion of various pathogenic bacteria, from the uterus to the pelvis and fallopian tubes, leading to infection of the fallopian tubes and causing obstruction.

　　The fallopian tube is an important part of the female reproductive system, with functions such as transporting sperm, eggs, and fertilized eggs, as well as providing storage, activation, acrosomal reaction, and fertilization sites for sperm.

　　1. Dysmenorrhea: Due to blood in the pelvis not spreading, dysmenorrhea occurs, with a sense of abdominal pain about six to seven days before the menstrual period, becoming more painful as the period approaches, until menstruation arrives.

　　2. Infertility: It is also one of the special diseases, where the fallopian tubes are invaded by pathogens, and excessive secretion causes obstruction of the fallopian tubes, leading to infertility.

　　3. Other: Severe blocked fallopian tubes, in addition to symptoms such as infertility and dysmenorrhea, can also cause an increase in leukorrhea, pain during sexual life, gastrointestinal disorders, fatigue, affected labor or intolerance to prolonged labor, and symptoms of mental and neurological disorders, as well as depression.

　　The typical symptoms of blocked fallopian tubes mainly include:

　　1. Abdominal discomfort

　　Pain in the lower abdomen of varying degrees, mostly with a sense of hidden discomfort, soreness, swelling, and a feeling of descent in the lower back and sacrum, often exacerbated by fatigue. Due to pelvic adhesions, there may be pain during bladder or rectal filling or emptying, or other bladder and rectal irritation symptoms, such as frequent urination or urgency.

　　2. Irregular menstruation

　　Since the fallopian tubes are adjacent to the ovaries, when inflammation affects the ovaries and causes damage to their function, abnormal menstruation may occur. This is the most common, and it may be the result of pelvic congestion and ovarian dysfunction, often manifested as frequent menstruation or excessive menstrual bleeding. Additionally, abnormal uterine position due to chronic inflammation, such as fibrosis of the uterus, incomplete uterine involution, or adhesions, can also cause excessive menstrual bleeding.

　　3. Dysmenorrhea

　　Due to pelvic congestion leading to blood stasis-type dysmenorrhea, most cases start with abdominal pain one week before the menstrual period, worsening as the period approaches, until menstruation arrives.

　　4. Infertility

　　Infertility is both the result and a symptom of blocked fallopian tubes. Due to the damage to the fallopian tubes themselves, obstruction occurs, leading to infertility, with secondary infertility being more common.

　　5. Other

　　An increase in leukorrhea, pain during sexual intercourse, gastrointestinal disorders, fatigue, affected labor or intolerance to prolonged labor, and symptoms of mental and neurological disorders, as well as depression, may all be caused by blocked fallopian tubes.

　　Tubal blockage is one of the common causes of female infertility. To effectively prevent tubal blockage, attention should be paid to the following points:

　　1. Women should pay attention to their personal hygiene, especially the hygiene of the vulva. Do not share hygiene products such as basins and towels with others to prevent cross-infection.

　　2. When having sexual intercourse, pay attention to the hygiene of sexual life, not only personal hygiene but also the hygiene of the sexual partner. Both parties must clean their external genitalia during sexual intercourse. Unhygienic sexual intercourse can lead to bacteria entering the vagina and causing infection. If women have symptoms of vaginal bleeding, sexual intercourse should be prohibited.

　　3. If women have diseases such as adnexitis, they must be treated actively and know that they have completely recovered to prevent the disease from turning into chronic inflammation.

　　4. When performing uterine cavity surgery, strict sterilization should be carried out to prevent bacteria from entering the uterus and causing infection. For example: surgical procedures for induced abortion, delivery, etc.

　　5. Women should pay attention to their physical health, consume an adequate amount of fiber and trace elements every day, and strengthen nutrition after abortion or delivery, and do appropriate exercise to enhance their resistance and immunity. This can reduce the chance of illness.

　　The main methods for examining tubal blockage currently include ultrasonic examination, uterine tubal contrast examination under X-ray, and laparoscopic examination.

　　1. Ultrasonic examination

　　Ultrasonic examination of the fallopian tube includes routine ultrasonic examination and hydrotubation under ultrasound. Due to a variety of factors, it is generally rarely used in clinical practice.

　　2. Uterine tubal contrast examination under X-ray

　　Uterine tubal contrast examination under X-ray can show the size, shape, and position of the uterine cavity and the shape of the fallopian tubes on the fluorescent screen and X-ray film. In patency, the image extends to the outside of the fimbria of the fallopian tube, and the X-ray film can also show the dispersion of the contrast agent in the pelvis. If there is a blockage in the fallopian tube, it can clearly show the location, degree, and nature of the blockage. This method can also identify the condition of the endometrium, as well as the condition of tuberculosis in the fallopian tube and pelvis. It is currently the most reliable method for diagnosing the patency of the fallopian tube, but it is necessary to ensure that the technical operation is standardized and that the doctor has rich experience in reading films.

　　3. Laparoscopic examination

　　By injecting a dye such as methylene blue into the uterine cavity through a uterine catheter, laparoscopic observation shows that methylene blue overflows into the pelvic cavity through the fimbria of the fallopian tube, indicating patency. If there is a blockage near the proximal end of the fallopian tube (interstitial and isthmus), methylene blue fluid will not be seen overflowing into the abdominal cavity through the fimbria. If the distal end of the fallopian tube (ampulla and fimbria) is blocked, the fimbria and ampulla will be dilated and thickened and stained blue, but there will be no fluid flowing from the fimbria into the abdominal cavity. Laparoscopic examination is also a relatively reliable method, but due to its high cost and significant trauma, it is generally not the first choice for examination.

　　Tubal blockage can lead to serious complications such as abdominal discomfort, irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea, and infertility. While patients are actively treated, they should also pay attention to their diet, as a reasonable diet can play a supportive role in treatment.

　　Principles of Nutritional Supplementation:

　　Milk: 250-500 grams per day. Staple food: 450-500 grams per day. Eat more coarse grains rich in vitamin B and trace elements, and eat less refined rice and flour.

　　Fresh fruits and vegetables: About 400 grams of vegetables and 200 grams of fruit should be consumed daily, which can basically meet the body's needs for vitamin A, C, and calcium and iron.

　　Eggs: One to two eggs should be added to the daily diet, as eggs are rich in protein, calcium, phosphorus, and various vitamins.

　　Legumes: They contain a large amount of easily digestible protein, vitamin B, C, and iron and calcium. Soybean sprouts and mung bean sprouts are also rich in vitamin E. This type of food should be consumed about 80 grams per day.

　　Meat: Fish and various types of meat can provide a large amount of required protein. About 100 grams can be provided in daily diet.

　　Eat more seaweed, nori, sea fish, shrimp, etc., to ensure adequate intake of iodine.

　　Appropriately supplement vitamins and minerals.

　　There are many Western medical treatment methods for fallopian tube blockage, including fallopian tube irrigation treatment, interventional catheterization treatment of fallopian tube under X-ray, hysteroscopy, laparoscopy, medication, enema treatment, microwave physical therapy, and some other infrared therapy, electric heating, gynecological treatment instruments, etc. In the selection of treatment methods, we should follow the clinical treatment principles, from easy to difficult, from non-invasive to invasive, from medication and physical therapy to surgery.

　　Physical Treatment

　　Physical treatment methods that can be adopted include microwave, permanent magnetic swing treatment instrument, infrared ray, etc. They are suitable for blockages in various parts of the fallopian tube caused by salpingitis. This is a pure physical therapy, belonging to non-invasive treatment, which will not produce significant side effects when used normally, and will not cause trauma like surgical treatments. This therapy does not depend on drugs and can be combined with drug treatment. Moreover, it can be taken home by the patient under the guidance of the doctor for treatment, which is convenient to operate and provides a new choice for treatment.

　　Surgical Treatment

　　For patients with severe fallopian tube blockage, it is best to undergo surgical treatment. The three-mirror and one-silk surgical treatment can be adopted, with a success rate of up to 98%.