Congenital Megourethra

　　Congenital megacystis may be caused by the maldevelopment of mesoderm at the urethral fold during embryogenesis, or it is also considered to be due to the extreme expansion of the urethral plate. It can be divided into two types:

　　1. The scaphoid megacystis is associated with abnormal development of the urethral corpus spongiosum.

　　2. The fusiform megacystis has underdeveloped penis and urethral corpus spongiosum.

　　Both types of megacystis mentioned above can be accompanied by complications such as renal hypoplasia and malformation, and the fusiform megacystis can lead to early death due to the occurrence of other serious anomalies.

　　This syndrome often accompanies other urinary system anomalies, such as hydronephrosis, cryptorchidism, prune belly syndrome, vesicoureteral reflux, etc. The disease may also be complicated by pyelonephritis, which may recur. For recurrent pyelonephrosis, it can affect the glomerular filtration rate, and the decrease in glomerular filtration rate can directly lead to renal failure, which may require dialysis treatment in necessary cases. Persistent cryptorchidism can cause maldevelopment of the testes, affecting fertility.

　　This disease is similar to congenital urethral diverticulosis, mainly manifested as urinary tract obstruction and infection symptoms, leading to poor urination. This huge urethra is actually a huge urethral diverticulum.The diverticulum is large, and due to the urine灌入 into the diverticulum during urination, a mass can be seen or felt on the ventral side of the urethra. The mass can be compressed, and urine can drip from the urethral orifice when compressed. If the diverticulum mouth is large, a catheter can be inserted into the diverticulum during catheterization. Sometimes, the catheter can twist inside a large urethral diverticulum, and the twisted catheter can be felt by hand..

　　The etiology of this disease is unclear, and it may be caused by the maldevelopment of mesoderm at the urethral fold during embryogenesis, or it is also considered to be due to the extreme expansion of the urethral plate. Therefore, there is no direct preventive method, but early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment are of great significance for indirect prevention of the disease. Regular checks should be done during pregnancy, and if the child shows a tendency of abnormal development, chromosomal screening should be done in a timely manner.

　　The clinical examination of congenital megacystis includes urethrogram and venous urography. Urethrogram can clearly show the dilated anterior urethra, which appears as a 'crescent-shaped'. Venous urography can show the dilated anterior urethra, which is helpful to discover upper urinary tract anomalies and determine whether there is hydronephrosis in both kidneys.

　　Patients with this disease should have a reasonable diet, ensuring comprehensive and balanced nutrition. Pay attention to light and nutritious food, eat more vegetables and fruits, quit smoking and drinking, and eat less spicy and irritating food. The following are the food therapy formulas for this disease:.

　　1. Use 50 grams of Lycium barbarum, 100 grams of Poria cocos, and 100 grams of black tea. Grind the Lycium barbarum and Poria cocos together into coarse powder, take 5-10 grams each time, add 6 grams of black tea, and infuse it with boiling water for 10 minutes. Take it twice a day, as a tea drink.

　　2. Take 50 grams of Vigna angularis, and 50 grams of Zea mays. Boil it into a decoction and drink it, once a day, for 20 days.

　　3. Use 10 grams of Lophatherum gracile, 50 grams of fresh Rehmannia, and 10 grams of Chrysanthemum morifolium. Decoct and take it, 20 days as one course.

　　4. Take 30 grams of Tetrapanax papyriferus and 30 grams of Houttuynia cordata. Drink it as tea, without restrictions on the number of times.

　　5. Use 10 grams of Coptis chinensis, 30 grams of Houttuynia cordata, 30 grams of Portulaca oleracea, 15 grams each of Smilax glabra, Sophora flavescens, Dictamnus dasycarpus, Equisetum hyemale, Acorus calamus, and Cyathula officinalis, 15 grams each of Coptis chinensis and Liquorice root, 6 grams each of Akebia and Liquorice. Take one dose daily, decoct and divide it into two servings.

　　6. Take 10 grams of Coriandrum sativum or its root, and 10 grams of Liquorice root. Decoct and take it.

　　7. Use 30-50 grams of Bombax ceiba, and an appropriate amount of white sugar. Boil with two and a half bowls of water until one bowl is left, and take it.

　　8. Take 200 grams of pig bladder, 60-100 grams of fresh Plantago asiatica (20-30 grams of dried product). Boil them together, add a little salt for seasoning, and eat it.

　　9. Use 30 grams of Smilax glabra, 30 grams of Sophora flavescens, 20 grams of Phellodendron amurense, and 20 grams of Spatholobus suberectus. Take one dose daily, decoct and wash externally.

　　10. Chicken Intestine Decoction: 1 pair of chicken intestines, 20 grams of Alisma orientale. Wash the chicken intestines clean, boil them with Alisma orientale together, after removing the medicine residue, drink it in the morning, not at night.

　　11. Take moderate amount of glutinous rice, make glutinous rice cake, take with warm wine. If unable to drink wine, take with warm water. If eaten at night, wait until you feel empty in your stomach.

　　Early treatment of congenital urethral anomalies in this disease, involves trimming and tightening the dilated meg urethra to match the diameter of a normal urethra. If there is severe lack of corpus cavernosum of the penis, consider whether to perform early sex change surgery, but after sex change, there is no normal reproductive function, so consider whether it is necessary to perform sex change surgery.