Anal polyps

　　The main causes of anal polyps are as follows:

　　1. Dietary factors:Dietary factors are related to the formation of anal polyps, especially the interaction between bacteria and bile acids, which may be the basis for the formation of adenomatous polyps.

　　2. Genetic factors:It is generally believed that the formation of polyps is closely related to gene mutations and genetic factors. Current research indicates that mutated genes can be inherited from parents to offspring, with equal genetic opportunities for males and females, without gender differences.

　　3. Inflammatory stimulation:The rectal mucosa is long-term stimulated by inflammation; it can cause congenital polyps of the intestinal mucosa. This is due to the inflammation, congestion, and edema of the intestinal mucosa, followed by the healing of erosion and ulcers, leading to the gradual contraction of scars and the formation of polyps. Moreover, due to chronic inflammation stimulation, glandular obstruction occurs, resulting in mucus retention and disease.

　　4. Other causes:Feces, foreign body stimulation, and mechanical injury, long-term stimulation of fecal coarse渣 and foreign bodies on the rectal mucosal epithelium, as well as other causes of rectal mucosal injury, cause abnormal cell proliferation and the formation of polyps.

　　Anal polyps may cause other diseases

　　(1) May cause prolapse. When polyps are large or numerous, due to gravity, they pull on the intestinal mucosa, causing it to gradually separate from the muscular layer and descend. The patient's bowel movement and intestinal peristalsis can cause the mucosal layer around the pedicle to relax, leading to rectal prolapse.

　　(2) May cause cancer. Many patients with solitary polyps do not pay attention to them initially and may transform into multiple polyps, with a high risk of cancer transformation!

　　(3) May cause difficulty in defecation. When polyps are large or numerous, they can拥挤 the anal canal, making the anal orifice narrow, which is not conducive to the passage and excretion of feces, leading to difficulty in defecation.

　　(4) As long as the inflammation is not resolved, polyps will recur. Therefore, it is necessary to undergo colonoscopy 3 to 5 years after surgery to detect lesions early and prevent cancer. For patients with a family history, it is recommended to undergo electronic colonoscopy, digital rectal examination, and fecal blood test every six months or a year to try to detect cancer early.

　　Anal polyps are a type of hemorrhoids, a symptomless, static phase hemorrhoid, with main symptoms including: recurrent hematochezia, defecation pain, prolapse of hemorrhoids, increased local secretion, abdominal discomfort, abdominal pain, diarrhea, purulent stools, tenesmus, etc.

　　1. Hematochezia:Blood in defecation is the main clinical manifestation of rectal polyps. The bleeding from polyps is usually minimal. If the polyp falls off due to pressure during defecation, or if the polyp is large and located low, more significant bleeding can occur. The characteristic of the bleeding is with blood, not dripping blood.

　　2. Prolapse:When polyps are large or numerous, due to gravity, they pull on the intestinal mucosa, causing it to gradually separate from the muscular layer and descend. The patient's bowel movement and intestinal peristalsis can cause the mucosal layer around the pedicle to relax, leading to rectal prolapse.

　　3. Intestinal irritation symptoms:When intestinal peristalsis pulls on the polyp, it can cause intestinal irritation symptoms such as abdominal discomfort, abdominal pain, diarrhea, purulent stools, tenesmus, etc.

　　How to prevent anal polyps in daily life

　　1. Consume fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains, or mixed sugar foods regularly to make stools soft and easy to pass.

　　2. You must also drink plenty of water to maintain body hydration.

　　3. If you have hemorrhoids, you should clean the affected area with warm water after each bowel movement, and then dry it.

　　4. Appropriate diet and good hygiene habits can suppress hemorrhoids and even heal mild hemorrhoids.

　　5. When hemorrhoids cause special pain, you should rest in bed. Apply local heat to soften the swelling and allow the prolapsed hemorrhoid to recede.

　　6. Adhere to physical exercise and maintain a healthy weight: Controlling weight can independently reduce the risk of colon disease. It is recommended to engage in exercise five times a week, with each session lasting at least 30 minutes. If you can engage in moderate-intensity exercise for 45 minutes daily, it will be more effective in reducing the risk of colorectal cancer.

　　7, Maintain optimism, have a good mental state to cope with stress, combine work and rest, and do not overwork. It can be seen that stress is an important trigger for cancer. Stress leads to overwork and physical weakness, thus causing immune function to decline, endocrine disorders, internal metabolism disorder, leading to the deposition of acidic substances in the body; stress can also lead to mental tension, causing Qi stagnation and blood stasis, internal heat invasion, etc.

　　8, Relying solely on medication while ignoring other aspects of配合 mixed hemorrhoid treatment often also reduces the efficacy. Whether using medication or other methods to treat hemorrhoids, attention should be paid to changing the dietary structure and developing good defecation habits. Relevant surveys show that the dietary structure is closely related to the incidence of hemorrhoids, and constipation is also one of the important causes of hemorrhoids. Difficult defecation, needing to strain during defecation, or those who like to read newspapers, magazines, and novels for a long time during defecation can cause hemodynamic damage to the anococcygeal pad, thus causing hemorrhoids. Therefore, while undergoing medication, patients must develop good defecation habits; exercise regularly; avoid overwork; drink plenty of water, eat more fruits and fiber-rich foods such as celery, and eat less spicy and stimulating foods to improve constipation symptoms.

　　What laboratory tests need to be done for anal polyps:

　　Mainly through digital rectal examination and colonoscopy.

　　If symptoms such as hematochezia or blood on the surface of stool and mucus pus stool appear, it is necessary to go to a regular large hospital for examination in a timely manner. Diagnosis can be made through anal rectal finger examination, anoscope, colonoscopy, biopsy, and treatment such as polypectomy and electrocautery. It can also be assisted in diagnosis by barium meal whole gastrointestinal radiography or barium enema. Once the diagnosis of polyps is clear, they should be removed promptly to prevent malignancy or secondary hemorrhage; if pathological biopsy confirms that the polyps have cancer, timely standard colorectal cancer radical surgery should be performed for treatment.

　　Dietary adjustments for patients with anal polyps:

　　Calcium can effectively help humans fight colon polyps and colon cancer, even if the patient has already had these diseases. Studies have shown that those who take calcium supplements daily have a 19~34% reduction in the risk of colon polyp recurrence.

　　Dairy products such as milk and other milk products, as well as broccoli, are rich in calcium. In addition, vitamin D (which helps the body absorb calcium) also shows a lowering effect on the risk of colon rectal cancer. You can obtain enough vitamin D by consuming some animal liver, egg yolk, fish, and dairy products fortified with vitamin D. Sunlight can also convert a chemical component in the skin into usable vitamin D.

　　Fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help prevent colon polyps: these foods are rich in fiber and can reduce the risk of colon polyps. In addition, fruits and vegetables are also rich in antioxidants, which can prevent colon cancer.

　　Not smoking and drinking can prevent colon polyps; smoking and excessive drinking will increase the risk of colon polyps and colon cancer. Women should not drink more than 150ml of wine per day, or 360ml of beer, or 40ml of white liquor, while men should not exceed twice the amount of women. If you have a family history of colon cancer, you should particularly reduce smoking and drinking to lower the risk of onset.

　　It is necessary to keep the bowels smooth and soft all the time, develop a regular bowel habit, and go to the toilet as soon as possible when you feel the urge to defecate. Eat more vegetables, bananas, sweet potatoes, honey, avoid alcohol, and avoid spicy foods. Eat more fruits and grain foods to relieve constipation, make defecation smooth, and change the habit of straining to defecate. Because straining can cause rectal or uterine prolapse and exacerbate hemorrhoids.

　　Western Medicine Treatment for Anal Polyps

　　Surgical Treatment:

　　According to the shape, size, number, and presence or absence of pedicles of the polyps, different treatment methods are used for colorectal polyps.

　　1. High-frequency electrocoagulation loop resection method: Mainly suitable for pedunculated large polyps.

　　2. Biopsy forceps removal method: Mainly used for solitary small polyps, which is simple, easy to perform, and safe and reliable. It can also send living tissue for pathological examination.

　　3. Mucosal resection method: Mainly used for sessile flat polyps or early cancer patients.

　　4. Block-by-block, stage-by-stage removal method: If the polyps are large and cannot be removed in one go, the polyps can be gradually removed by using the block electrotomy method; if there are many polyps and they cannot be removed all at once, the patient is required to undergo regular, staged electrotomy treatment.

　　5. For familial polyposis with multiple polyps, whether the rectum can be preserved depends on the distribution of rectal polyps. Rectal resection or mucosal stripping of the rectum can be performed, and ileocecal anastomosis can be performed through the rectal seromuscular sheath.

　　6. Other inflammatory polyps can be treated with antibiotic and hormone retention enema.

　　Surgical treatment is required if it is not possible to remove it endoscopically.

　　Western Medicine Treatment:

　　Early anal polyps are mild. If they reach the late stage, surgery is best performed because non-surgical treatment cannot be completely curative. Fresh fruits, vegetables, whole wheat, or sugary foods should be consumed regularly to make stools soft and easy to pass.

　　Patients with anal polyps should seek medical treatment early. Although anal polyps are a static hemorrhoid, they have a tendency to become cancerous. Initially, they form a tumor, and then undergo cancerous transformation on the basis of the tumor.