Inguinal lymph node enlargement

　　1. Chronic lymphadenitis

　　Most cases have a distinct focus of infection and are often localized lymph node enlargement with pain and tenderness, generally with a diameter not exceeding 2-3 cm, which may shrink after anti-inflammatory treatment. Enlargement of the inguinal lymph nodes, especially the flat lymph nodes that exist for a long time without change, usually has no significant clinical significance.

　　2. Tuberculous lymphadenitis

　　Tuberculous lymphadenitis, in addition to the enlargement of inguinal lymph nodes, may present with symptoms such as fever, excessive sweating, fatigue, and an accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and is more common in young and middle-aged adults. It often accompanies pulmonary tuberculosis, with lymph nodes having an uneven texture, some parts being relatively light (caseous change), and others being relatively hard (fibrosis or calcification), and they are interconnected and adherent to the skin, resulting in poor mobility. Such patients have a positive tuberculin skin test and positive tuberculosis antibodies in the blood.

　　3., Malignant lymphoma

　　Malignant lymphoma can occur in any age group, and the enlargement of inguinal lymph nodes is often painless and progressive, ranging from soybean-sized to jujube-sized, with moderate hardness. Generally, there is no adhesion with the skin, and they do not fuse with each other in the early and middle stages, being movable. In the later stage, the lymph nodes can grow very large, and can also fuse into large masses, with a diameter of more than 20cm, invading the skin, and after ulceration, it may not heal for a long time.

　　4. Lymph node tuberculosis

　　Lymph node enlargement in the neck is more common, some may ulcerate, and some may not. In clinical practice, it is sometimes difficult to differentiate from lymphoma. The diagnostic method is to perform lymph node puncture, smearing, and biopsy in multiple sites and find the cause of the primary tuberculosis focus.

　　5. Leukemia

　　The enlargement of lymph nodes in this disease is systemic, but it is most obvious in the neck, axilla, and inguinal regions. In addition to lymph node enlargement, patients also have symptoms such as anemia, persistent fever, and a large number of immature cells in the blood and bone marrow.

　　6. Acute HIV infection

　　It usually occurs 2-6 weeks after infection, mainly manifested as influenza-like symptoms, such as fever, headache, muscle and joint pain, sore throat, rash, and generalized lymphadenopathy.

　　Serious complications of inguinal lymph node enlargement are mainly seen in anemia, infection, fever, chest tightness, chest pain, cough, shortness of breath, difficulty in swallowing, respiratory difficulty, abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction, jaundice, ascites, liver cirrhosis, renal pelvis积水, uremia, and neurological symptoms.

　　The clinical manifestations of inguinal lymph node enlargement vary with different etiologies.

　　1. Chronic lymphadenitis, which is often localized lymph node enlargement, has pain and tenderness, generally not exceeding 2-3cm in diameter, and will shrink after anti-inflammatory treatment. Enlargement of inguinal lymph nodes, especially flat lymph nodes that exist for a long time without change, usually has no significant meaning.

　　2. Tuberculous lymphadenitis, in addition to the enlargement of inguinal lymph nodes, there are symptoms such as fever, excessive sweating, fatigue, and an accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, which are more common in young and middle-aged people. It often occurs with pulmonary tuberculosis, and the texture of the lymph nodes is uneven, with some parts being lighter (caseous change) and some parts being harder (fibrosis or calcification), and they are adherent to each other and the skin, so the mobility is poor. This type of patient has a positive tuberculin skin test and a positive tuberculosis antibody in the blood.

　　3. Malignant lymphoma, the enlargement of inguinal lymph nodes is often painless and progressive, ranging from soybean-sized to jujube-sized, with moderate hardness. Generally, there is no adhesion with the skin, and they do not fuse with each other in the early and middle stages, being movable. In the later stage, the lymph nodes can grow very large, and can also fuse into large masses, with a diameter of more than 20cm, invading the skin, and after ulceration, it may not heal for a long time.

　　Patients should pay attention to labor protection in their daily lives, avoid trauma, and if there is skin damage, it should be treated promptly to prevent the spread of infection.

　　If suffering from tonsillitis, caries, finger infection, tinea pedis, boils, and abscesses, it is also necessary to take timely antibacterial and anti-inflammatory measures or appropriate treatment to control infection.

　　In daily life, it is important to exercise regularly and strengthen the physique.

　　Diet should be light and nutrition should be balanced, and spicy and stimulating foods should be avoided.

　　The superficial lymph nodes of a normal human body are only the size of a grain of rice, soft, smooth, movable, without tenderness, and generally not easily palpable. If the lymph nodes appear to be swollen, painful, hard, rough, adherent to surrounding tissues, or soft, palpable with fluctuation, or even ulcerated, these are all 'alarms' issued by lymph node lesions. Generally, superficial lymph node ultrasound examination is adopted. If necessary, superficial lymph nodes can be excised for biopsy, and deep lesions need to be performed by fine needle aspiration biopsy under the guidance of B-ultrasound or CT.

　　Diet should be nutritious, and a balanced diet can be chosen with high protein, high calories, high vitamins, and moderate minerals. Eat more meat, fish, eggs, dairy products, and foods that nourish the yin and invigorate the body, such as lean pork, black fungus, taro, winter melon, apple, lotus root, tomato, bean products, etc. Avoid spicy, stimulating, fried and greasy foods, and fishy foods, and quit smoking and drinking. During treatment, avoid spicy and stimulating foods such as chili, alcohol, scallions, garlic, chives, seafood, crucian carp, etc., as they should not be eaten.

　　It is recommended to eat a variety of fresh fruits and vegetables, and low-fat, low-cholesterol foods such as mushrooms, black fungus, celery, sprouts, kelp, lotus root, fish, rabbit meat, chicken, fresh beans, etc. It is recommended to eat dried beans and their products. It is recommended to use vegetable oil instead of animal oil. Eat less spicy foods such as chili and raw garlic, or spicy foods. Swollen inguinal lymph nodes are usually caused by bacterial or viral infections, and treatment is mainly with antibiotics. In addition, pay attention to whether there are lesions in adjacent tissues and organs, and it is recommended to visit a regular hospital to find the cause and treat it according to the cause. Pay attention to rest, drink plenty of water, do not eat spicy foods, and do not drink alcohol.

　　Western medical treatment can initially use broad-spectrum antibiotics such as penicillin and streptomycin. For those allergic to penicillin and streptomycin, erythromycin can also be used or metronidazole can be chosen. Western medical treatment has a short cycle, quick effects, can alleviate symptoms, but cannot fundamentally cure the disease completely.