Urinary tract irritation syndrome

　　1. Decreased bladder capacity.

　　2. Stimulation of the bladder and urethra (especially the bladder neck and posterior urethra).

　　3. The dysfunction of bladder regulation is caused by mental factors (such as tension and hysteria), organic changes in the central or peripheral nervous system. It is due to non-infectious causes such as urethral injury during sexual intercourse, deformation of vaginal tissue in the bladder trigone area, drug allergy, obstruction of the urethra and bladder neck, stimulation by chemical substances, emotional tension, excessive tea or coffee consumption, immune mechanism defects, allergy to nylon clothing, condoms, and diaphragms, senile atrophy due to insufficient estrogen, cysts and polyps at the urethral opening, and poor hygiene conditions or excessive use of soap, etc.

　　1、尿急：见于急性膀胱炎、尿道炎、前列腺炎、输尿管下段结石、膀胱癌、神经源性膀胱等，少数与精神因素有关，尿急常伴尿频、尿痛。

　　2、尿痛：见于尿道炎、前列腺炎、膀胱结石、膀胱结核、异物、晚期膀胱癌等。尿痛为灼痛或刺痛。尿道炎多在排尿开始时出现疼痛，膀胱炎常在排尿终末时疼痛加重。

　　2Urinary tract irritation signs are prone to what kind of complications

　　2. Urinary pain:

　　Seen in urethritis, prostatitis, bladder calculi, bladder tuberculosis, foreign bodies, advanced bladder cancer, etc. Urinary pain is burning or pricking. Urethritis often causes pain at the beginning of urination, and cystitis often causes increased pain at the end of urination.

　　3. Prostatitis:

　　3. In addition to urinary pain, there is also pain in the suprapubic area, lower back, or glans penis; bladder calculi or foreign bodies often cause intermittent urine flow.

　　What are the typical symptoms of urinary tract irritation signs

　　One, frequency of urination

　　1. Physiological: Excessive water intake, stress, climatic changes.

　　2. Pathological: Increased frequency of urination with normal amount of each urination, increased total urine output throughout the day, seen in diabetes, diabetes insipidus, polyuria in the diuretic phase of acute renal failure.

　　1. Maintain rest in both body and mind:Advise patients to rest and relax their minds as much as possible during the acute attack period, as excessive tension can worsen urinary frequency. Guide patients to engage in some interesting activities, such as listening to light music, reading novels, watching TV, and chatting with roommates, etc., to distract the patient's attention from their own discomfort, reduce anxiety, and alleviate urinary tract irritation. In addition, various treatment and care operations should be concentrated, and efforts should be made to minimize interference with patients.

　　2. Intake of Fluids:In the absence of contraindications, patients should be advised to drink plenty of water and urinate frequently to continuously flush the urinary tract and reduce the time bacteria stay in the urinary tract.

　　3. Cleaning of Skin and Mucous Membranes:Guide patients to maintain personal hygiene, and increase the frequency of external genital cleaning during the menstrual period for female patients. Teach patients the correct method of cleaning the external genitalia to reduce the chance of infection by intestinal bacteria in the urinary tract.

　　4. Pain Care:Guide patients to apply heat compress or massage to the bladder area to relieve pain. Give antipyretic analgesics to patients with high fever, headache, and lumbar pain.

　　5. Medication Care:Use antibiotics as directed by a doctor, pay attention to observe the therapeutic response of the drug and whether there are side effects, remind patients to take medication on time, in the correct dosage, and according to the course of treatment, do not stop taking medication arbitrarily to achieve the purpose of complete treatment. Guide patients to correctly collect urine samples. Oral sodium bicarbonate can alkalinize urine and alleviate urinary tract irritation. In addition, for patients with significant urinary tract irritation, atropine, pralidoxime hydrochloride, and other anticholinergic drugs can be used for symptomatic treatment.

　　4. Seen in urethritis, prostatitis, bladder calculi, bladder tuberculosis, foreign bodies, advanced bladder cancer, etc. Urinary pain is burning or pricking. Urethritis often causes pain at the beginning of urination; cystitis often causes increased pain at the end of urination; prostatitis, in addition to urinary pain, also causes pain in the suprapubic area, lower back, or glans penis; bladder calculi or foreign bodies often cause intermittent urine flow.

　　5. How to prevent urinary tract irritation signs

　　Urinary tract irritation signs require what kind of laboratory tests

　　1. Pyuria or increased urine leukocytes, positive urine bacterial culture with quantities reaching the diagnostic criteria for infectious diseases.

　　2. Persistent infectious urinary tract irritation.

　　5. Urinary tract syndrome is more common in women, including non-specific non-bacterial infections, stress, bladder sphincter dyscoordination, and allergy to chemicals (birth control pills, nylon stockings, etc.).6. Urinary tract irritation signs: What should be avoided in diet

　　1. Rest and diet: The diet of patients with urinary tract irritation signs should be light and nutritious.2. Care for urinary discomfort: During the acute stage or attack, patients should rest in bed, eat light and nutritious food, supplement a variety of vitamins, drink plenty of water, with a daily water intake of more than 2000ml, which is beneficial for increasing urine output and reducing urinary tract inflammation.

　　3. High fever care: Drink plenty of water, such as plain water or tea, to increase urine output for rinsing the urinary tract, reduce the irritation of the bladder caused by inflammation, and it is an important measure to alleviate urinary tract irritation. In addition, distract the patient's attention by listening to music, practicing relaxation techniques, or talking to the patient, which can reduce the frequency of urination.When the body temperature is above 39°C, physical cooling should be performed, and medication for cooling can be administered according to medical advice if necessary.

　　4. Pain Care:Guide patients to apply heat compress or massage to the bladder area to relieve pain.

　　5. Medication Care:Administer antibiotics as prescribed by a doctor, currently commonly used are sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim, norfloxacin, ampicillin, or cefametin, and pay attention to understand and observe the side effects of the drug. Oral sodium bicarbonate can alkalinize urine and alleviate urinary tract irritation.

　　6. Health Guidance:Explain to patients that urinary tract irritation syndrome is common in urinary tract infections, and the causes are often overexertion, unclean perineum, and sexual activity, etc.; patients should clean their perineum daily, avoid overexertion, reasonably arrange work and life, wash the perineum and urinate after sexual activity, drink plenty of water, and do not hold urine, which can often prevent the recurrence of urinary tract infections.

　　1. Maintain rest in both body and mind:Advise patients to rest and relax their minds as much as possible during the acute attack period, as excessive tension can worsen urinary frequency. Guide patients to engage in some interesting activities, such as listening to light music, reading novels, watching TV, and chatting with roommates, etc., to distract the patient's attention from their own discomfort, reduce anxiety, and alleviate urinary tract irritation. In addition, various treatment and care operations should be concentrated, and efforts should be made to minimize interference with patients.

　　2. Intake of Fluids:In the absence of contraindications, patients should be advised to drink plenty of water and urinate frequently to continuously flush the urinary tract and reduce the time bacteria stay in the urinary tract.

　　3. Cleaning of Skin and Mucous Membranes:Guide patients to maintain personal hygiene, and increase the frequency of external genital cleaning during the menstrual period for female patients. Teach patients the correct method of cleaning the external genitalia to reduce the chance of infection by intestinal bacteria in the urinary tract.

　　4. Pain Care:Guide patients to apply heat compress or massage to the bladder area to relieve pain. Give antipyretic analgesics to patients with high fever, headache, and lumbar pain.

　　5. Medication Care:Use antibiotics as directed by a doctor, pay attention to observe the therapeutic response of the drug and whether there are side effects, remind patients to take medication on time, in the correct dosage, and according to the course of treatment, do not stop taking medication arbitrarily to achieve the purpose of complete treatment. Guide patients to correctly collect urine samples. Oral sodium bicarbonate can alkalinize urine and alleviate urinary tract irritation. In addition, for patients with significant urinary tract irritation, atropine, pralidoxime hydrochloride, and other anticholinergic drugs can be used for symptomatic treatment.