Urethritis

　　The following are common causes of urethritis:

　　1. Urethral injury:Urethral mucosal abrasions caused by urethral instrument examination can destroy the defense function of the urethral mucosa, leading to bacterial infection.

　　2. Urethral foreign bodies:Foreign bodies or urethral calculi placed from the outside can cause urethral infection after a long period of time.

　　3. Urethral obstruction:Such as phimosis, urethral orifice stricture, urethral stricture, posterior urethral valve, urethral tumor, female hymen, urethral hymen fusion, etc., due to poor urinary flow, urine can accumulate in the urethra, leading to secondary urethral infection.

　　4. Inflammation of adjacent organs:Such as prostatitis, seminal vesiculitis, vaginitis or cervicitis, which can spread to the urethra, which is often a refractory focus of chronic posterior urethritis.

　　5. Often related to sexual life:Unhygienic sexual life can easily cause urethral infection.

　　The proportion of pathogens such as chlamydia and mycoplasma in male seminal fluid is much higher than that in normal people, therefore, these pathogens can be considered as one of the factors leading to infertility. Urethritis can lead to urethral stricture and sexual dysfunction, which can directly affect the epithelium of the urethra, forming scars locally. In severe cases, this can cause urethral stricture, making urination difficult, and can also cause difficulties in ejaculation.

　　Other harms of male urethritis

　　1. Chlamydia and mycoplasma, which can induce the production of antibodies against spermatozoa, can induce the body to produce antibodies, and these antibodies may induce the body to produce antibodies against spermatozoa, thereby causing infertility.

　　1, Urethritis can cause narrowing of the urethra and dysfunction of ejaculation, and male urethral infection can directly affect the epithelium of the urethra, forming scars locally. In severe cases, this can cause urethral stricture, causing difficulty in urination, and can also cause difficulties in ejaculation.

　　2, Urethritis can cause the infection of adjacent organs of the urethra, such as epididymitis can cause obstruction, preventing sperm from being transported out of the testicle. For example, prostatitis, there may be a large number of white blood cells in the semen, which will lead to infertility.

　　Urethritis has a direct effect on sperm, and mycoplasma is a very small organism that can adhere to the middle of sperm, affecting sperm vitality.

　　Content: Urethritis is a disease that both men and women can get, referring to the inflammation of the urethral mucosa. Although women have a higher chance of getting the disease, it is also a common disease. Many people still miss the best treatment opportunity because they do not know the symptoms of urethritis. Urethritis patients may have symptoms such as hematuria, burning pain during urination, and frequent urination. If there are suspected symptoms of urethritis, seek medical attention in time, maintain personal hygiene, adjust your mindset, and leave the troubles of the disease as soon as possible.

　　What are the symptoms of urethritis:

　　1, Urinary abnormality:

　　The common urinary abnormality in urinary tract infection refers to frequent urination, urgency, and dysuria, and sometimes it may also occur with urinary incontinence and urinary retention. In the early stage of chronic pyelonephritis leading to chronic renal insufficiency, polyuria is often accompanied, and oliguria or anuria may occur in the later stage.

　　2, Low back pain:

　　The most common clinical symptom is low back pain, and kidney and kidney diseases are one of the main causes of low back pain. When the renal capsule, renal pelvis, and ureter are stimulated or the tension increases, it may cause pain in the waist. Generally, lower urinary tract infection will not cause low back pain.

　　3, Abnormal urine:

　　Urinary tract infection can cause abnormal changes in urine, common ones include bacterial urine, pus urine, hematuria, and gas urine, etc.

　　Urethritis is a common reproductive infection disease. Many people get infected with urethritis due to their daily habits. Urethritis is not a trivial illness, and getting infected with urethritis can bring a lot of inconvenience and trouble to life. Experts remind that urethritis can be prevented by taking preventive measures in life. So, what are the specific preventive measures?

　　One, pay attention to personal hygiene:Take a bath frequently, do not advocate taking a bath in a basin, and store clothes separately; change and wash your underwear frequently, especially new underwear or underwear that has not been worn for a long time, and wash and dry it before wearing it; wear breathable and moisture-absorbent cotton underwear, try to wear less tight pants or jeans, and wear more breathable dresses, which is very important for protecting women's health. Recommended reading: The several situations in which men are most prone to urethritis

　　Two, wash hands before and after meals:Investigations have found that human hands are contaminated with a large number of pathogenic microorganisms, such as chlamydia and mycoplasma, which can enter the urethra and cause infection through the process of defecation. Therefore, developing good hygiene habits is also crucial.

　　Three, the correct cleaning order:Frequently clean the vulva and anus, and be particular about the order of cleaning. Clean the vulva first, then clean the anus, and do not do the opposite; towels and basins should be used by one person, otherwise bacteria are easy to enter the urethral orifice.

　　Fourth, Drink enough water every day:In the hot summer, it is more important to drink more chrysanthemum tea, lemon water and other cooling and heat-relieving drinks. Make full use of the diuretic effect of water to flush away the parasitic bacteria in the urethra, clear the hidden dangers of infection, and also avoid urination being too little or too concentrated, so that bacteria and other harmful substances cannot be excreted in time.

　　Fifth, Avoid too frequent sexual life:Ensure adequate sleep every day, do not stay up late, otherwise it will reduce the body's resistance to diseases. Pay attention to the frequency of sexual life; for those who have more than 3 times of sexual life per week, the incidence of urinary tract infection is greatly increased. During this special period in summer, it is appropriate to reduce the frequency.

　　Urethritis is a common disease in urology and can occur in both men and women. To completely treat such diseases, active and effective examinations are necessary. Then, what examinations are needed for the treatment of urethritis?

　　First, Three-cup urine test

　　After cleaning the vulva and urethral orifice, keep the first 10-20 ml of urine in the first cup, the middle 30-40 ml of urine in the second cup, and the final 5-10 ml in the third cup. The examination of the three cups of urine can clearly diagnose urethritis. If the first cup of urine is abnormal and the degree is the most severe, the lesion may be in the anterior urethra; if the third cup is abnormal and the degree is the most severe, the lesion is in the bladder neck or posterior urethra; if all three cups are abnormal, the lesion is above the bladder neck.

　　Second, Urethral flushing test

　　When the patient's bladder is full, use 3% warm borax solution to flush the urethra. At the same time, press the perineum of the patient to prevent the flushing fluid from entering the posterior urethra. Observe urination after flushing until it becomes clear. The urethral flushing test can determine whether the disease is in the anterior urethra or posterior urethra. Urinate after flushing until it becomes clear. If the urine is cloudy, it is posterior urethritis.

　　Third, Cystoscopy

　　Cystoscopy is not a routine examination method for urethritis. It should be gentle and a thinner cystoscope should be chosen to avoid severe hematuria due to injury.

　　Urethritis is caused by gonococcal infection, leading to inflammation of the urethra and reproductive tract mucosa. Due to this disease, it is often caused by bacterial contamination of the urinary system, including urethritis, cystitis, and pyelonephritis. Clinically, it is characterized by fever,腰部ache, frequency, urgency, urethral irritation pain, purulent urine, and bacterial urine. Due to the physiological characteristics of women (short and wide urethra, close to the vagina, etc.), this disease is particularly common in women and female infants. If the acute stage is not completely controlled, it is easy to become chronic and recurrent.

　　1. Double juice drink

　　Ingredients: 100 milliliters of sugarcane juice, 100 milliliters of fresh lotus root juice.

　　Preparation and usage: Mix the above two ingredients evenly, take twice a day, 1 dose per day.

　　Effectiveness: Clear heat and cool blood, promote diuresis and relieve stranguria.

　　Indications: Lower焦hot and dampness, bladder toxicity type urinary tract infection, symptoms include urgency, frequency, urethral pain, incomplete urination, abdominal distension, nausea, poor appetite, body fatigue, thirst without desire for drinking, low fever in the afternoon, yellowish urine, etc.

　　2. Stellaria media Decoction

　　Ingredients: Stellaria media (also known as Stellaria), 90 grams (dried 30 grams).

　　Preparation and Use: Decocted for internal use. Take 1 dose per day, divided into two servings.

　　Effects: Clear heat and detoxify, diuretic.

　　Indications: Acute urinary tract infection.

　　3. Sunflower Stem Decoction

　　Ingredients: Sunflower stem with white pith 15 to 30 grams.

　　Preparation and Use: Clean and chop the sunflower stem, add water to boil twice or thrice (do not over-boil), and drink the decoction. Take 1 dose per day, divided into two servings.

　　Effects: Clear heat and eliminate dampness, stop hematuria.

　　Indications: Painful urination (including urinary tract infection, urinary tract calculus) and other conditions.

　　In addition to taking the medicine on time in the treatment of urethritis, both partners should be treated at the same time, and complications should be reduced to avoid the occurrence of drug resistance. The following are some simple points to note about the use of urethritis medicine.

　　1. Take the medicine on time and in the correct dosage. Because the treatment of non-gonococcal urethritis is different from gonorrhea, which can be treated in a short-term, full-dose manner, and the number of doses is large and the duration is long, patients are easy to forget to take the medicine due to work or other matters, or stop taking the medicine after 1 to 2 days when the symptoms basically disappear, affecting the efficacy or recurrence. At this time, do not rush to change the medicine.

　　2. Both partners should be treated at the same time. The most likely reason for the persistence of symptoms in the patient or the recurrence of symptoms after disappearance is that the partner has not been treated. Sexual intercourse with an untreated partner may lead to the transmission of bacteria from the untreated partner to the patient.

　　3. Empirical treatment can be given to those with obvious inflammation. For example: ofloxacin plus metronidazole; or ceftriaxone plus metronidazole plus azithromycin, etc., the course of treatment can be appropriately prolonged. If the urethral inflammation is not obvious, antihistamines can be given, or urethral smooth muscle antispasmodics, or traditional Chinese medicine can be used for regulation.

　　4. If the patient's symptoms recur, be alert to the occurrence of complications. Common complications include prostatitis, etc. Appropriate bacteriological examinations and timely treatment should be done. If it is Trichomonas, Candida or other rare diseases, especially candidal urethritis, do not blindly add antibiotics, otherwise it may cause greater harm to the patient. It should be treated after diagnosis and treatment.

　　5. Avoid drug resistance. There have been many reports that Ureaplasma urealyticum is resistant to tetracycline. If suspected, use other antibiotics in a timely manner.