Cyanosis-cane-shaped fingers-hepatopathy syndrome

　　It may be caused by the production of some abnormal substances in the liver, leading to pulmonary arteriovenous分流, causing cyanosis and clubbing; dye dilution test can indirectly suggest pulmonary arteriovenous分流, and indicate the severity of liver cirrhosis. It may also be a manifestation of hepatopulmonary syndrome. Therefore, the etiology of this disease is not particularly clear, and it may be related to a comprehensive factor of the above diseases, genetic factors, autoimmune factors, and environmental factors.

　　Liver cirrhosis may be complicated by electrolyte imbalance, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, ascites, hyponatremia, hepatic encephalopathy, and other conditions. Severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding can directly threaten the patient's life, so prevention is of great importance. For patients who have developed esophageal varices and abdominal wall varices, it is crucial to consider the possibility of severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding. This can be confirmed through gastroscopy, and if there is a possibility of concurrent severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding, peripheral vascular ligation around the gastroesophageal junction can be performed.

　　Patients with liver cirrhosis have cyanosis and claw-like fingers, and diagnosis can be made if cardiovascular diseases can be excluded. Both men and women can be affected, and it can be seen at any age, but it is more common in children. It has symptoms and signs of liver cirrhosis, and cyanosis can be accompanied by respiratory distress, followed by the appearance of claw-like fingers.

　　This disease is mainly caused by liver cirrhosis, and attention should be paid to the prevention of liver cirrhosis to prevent this disease. Early detection and early treatment are the key to prevention and treatment. Regular physical examination once a year, while maintaining a good mental state, active physical exercise, good rest and diet habits, can enhance resistance and avoid serious complications threatening patients. For patients with viral hepatitis infection, those with obvious viral replication and abnormal liver function should actively carry out antiviral and liver-protecting treatment.

　　1. Medical history:Medical history is very important for the differential diagnosis of cyanosis, especially attention should be paid to the onset pattern and age of the patient. For patients with acute systemic cyanosis accompanied by consciousness disorders but not obvious respiratory distress, attention should be paid to chemical cyanosis; sudden general cyanosis in children or the weak after eating brain vegetables or pickled vegetables should be considered as intestinal cyanosis, and cyanosis after enema in infants and young children should consider the possibility of misuse of nitrites; cyanosis appearing with the menstrual cycle is a characteristic of idiopathic paroxysmal methemoglobinemia.

　　2. Physical examination:It is mainly to understand whether the patient has signs of heart, lung, or chest wall diseases (such as chest wall deformity, pulmonary dullness, heart murmur, etc.) and the circulation status of the cyanotic part.

　　1. What foods are good for the body when suffering from liver disease

　　Advocate a diet high in protein, high in vitamins, low in sugar, and low in fat. Eat more vegetables, fruits, and foods rich in fiber, as well as lean meats, river fish, bean products, and other high-protein foods. The following foods can be chosen:

　　1. Apples are rich in potassium, which can excrete excess sodium in the body and maintain normal blood pressure.

　　2. Oats contain a high amount of linoleic acid and abundant saponins, which can reduce serum cholesterol and triglycerides.

　　5. Corn is rich in calcium, selenium, lecithin, vitamin E, and other nutrients, which have the effect of reducing serum cholesterol.

　　4. Seaweed is rich in taurine, which can reduce cholesterol in blood and bile; the dietary fiber fucoidan can inhibit the absorption of cholesterol and promote its excretion.

　　5. The mixture of sulfur-containing compounds in garlic can reduce blood cholesterol, prevent thrombus formation, and help increase the content of high-density lipoprotein.

　　6. Milk, due to its high calcium content, can inhibit the activity of cholesterol synthesis enzymes in the human body, thereby reducing the absorption of cholesterol in the human body.

　　7. The allyl disulfide and sulfur-containing amino acids in onions not only have bactericidal properties but can also reduce blood lipids in humans and prevent atherosclerosis; they can activate the active components of fibrin and effectively prevent the formation of thrombi in blood vessels; prostaglandin A also has a good antihypertensive effect on humans.

　　8. Sweet potatoes can neutralize the excess acid in the body caused by excessive consumption of meat and eggs, and maintain the acid-base balance of the human body. Sweet potatoes contain a lot of fiber, which can absorb a lot of water in the gastrointestinal tract, lubricate the digestive tract, have a laxative effect, and can also excrete excessive fat, sugar, and toxins from the intestines, playing a role in lowering blood lipids.

　　In addition, carrots, peanuts, sunflower seeds, hawthorn, figs, and other foods can also play a role in lowering blood lipids, and fatty liver patients can eat them regularly.

　　Secondly, what foods should liver disease patients avoid

　　1. Chocolate, sugar, and various sweets should not be eaten in large quantities within a day. Eating too much can interfere with the secretion of digestive enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract, affecting appetite; sugar is easy to ferment, can worsen gastrointestinal bloating, and is easily converted into fat, accelerating the storage of fat by the liver and promoting the occurrence of fatty liver.

　　2. Eat less sunflower seeds. Sunflower seeds contain unsaturated fatty acids, and eating too much can consume a large amount of choline in the body, making it easier for fat to accumulate in the liver and affecting the function of liver cells.

　　3. Pidan contains a certain amount of lead, which can replace calcium in the human body. Regular consumption of Pidan can lead to calcium deficiency and osteoporosis, and can also cause lead poisoning.

　　4. Monosodium glutamate is a good seasoning, but if liver disease patients take too much at one time or take it excessively frequently, it can cause symptoms such as transient headache, palpitations, and even nausea.

　　5. Instant noodles, sausages, and canned foods often contain food colors and preservatives that are harmful to the human body, and frequent consumption can increase the burden on the liver's metabolic and detoxification functions.

　　6. Various preserved foods have too much salt, and eating too much can affect water and sodium metabolism in liver disease patients. For decompensated liver cirrhosis patients, it should be禁忌.

　　7. It is not advisable to eat wheat and potato foods.

　　(The above information is for reference only, please consult a doctor for details)

　　The main treatment for liver cirrhosis is to reduce cyanosis with the decrease of portal vein pressure. The appearance of complications can be reduced by ligation of the periesophageal vessels and splenic vein-deep vein anastomosis surgery to reduce portal vein pressure. However, there is an increased risk of hepatic encephalopathy with this type of surgery, so the best surgical method is the disconnection of the surrounding blood vessels of the portal. At the same time, symptomatic supportive treatment can be given, such as oxygen therapy, keeping the respiratory tract unobstructed, protecting the liver, and maintaining the internal environment.