Plaster syndrome

　　Long-term supine patients who undergo plaster fixation, pelvic traction, spinal internal expansion and fixation, craniococcygeal traction, spinal traction, etc., can all cause the superior mesenteric artery to increase the pressure on the duodenum, and then cause the superior mesenteric vein to be blocked, resulting in symptoms of acute gastric dilatation.

　　It can be complicated with diseases such as pressure sores, limb blood circulation disorders, and limb ischemic contracture.

　　1. Decubitus ulcers:Also known as pressure sore, it is caused by long-term pressure on a local part of the body, which obstructs blood circulation, leading to ischemia of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, and causing blisters, ulcers, or gangrene.

　　Decubitus ulcers are more common in paraplegic patients. Other diseases also occur. The prone parts are the sacrum, ischial tuberosity, greater trochanter of the femur, etc., followed by the calcaneus, occipital bone, anterior superior iliac spine, medial and lateral malleoli, etc. The formation process is divided into three stages: erythema stage, blister stage, and ulcer stage.

　　2. Ischemic contracture:It is not common, but once it occurs, it can cause serious consequences. Therefore, it is a serious complication of limb trauma. Severe displacement fractures, large hematomas, tight casts or splints can all cause this condition. After the injured limb, due to the injury or mechanical compression of the brachial artery, the artery and collateral circulation occur spasm. The spasm causes severe obstruction of blood circulation in the lower limb, leading to the occurrence of this condition. The symptoms of ischemia in the distal part of the limb, such as severe pain, swelling, changes in skin color, weak or inability to move fingers (toes), dull sensation, weakened or absent pulse, etc., whether passive movement of the fingers (toes) causes pain. Difficulty in breathing, patients often wake up from deep sleep with a feeling of suffocation, forced to sit up, frequent coughing, and severe difficulty in breathing; coughing and hemoptysis; may have fatigue, insomnia, palpitations, etc. The upper abdomen is full, often accompanied by loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and upper abdominal pain; jugular venous distension; depressed edema; varying degrees of cyanosis; symptoms such as over-sensitive nerves, insomnia, drowsiness, etc.; cardiac signs: mainly the original contracture. It can coexist with the clinical manifestations of ischemic contracture, or be mainly the clinical manifestations of ischemic contracture. Isolated ischemic contracture is less common. The occurrence of complete ischemic contracture due to secondary ischemic contracture after ischemic contracture, and the occurrence of complete ischemic contracture due to severe widespread myocardial disease at the same time affecting the heart, is more common in clinical practice.

　　The severity of symptoms depends on the degree of compression of the superior mesenteric artery on the transverse part of the duodenum. In the early stage, there may be a feeling of fullness and swelling in the upper abdomen, with nausea, especially in patients after surgery. These mild symptoms are easily overlooked, and then vomiting occurs, gradually becoming frequent, with the vomitus mostly brown-green, followed by coffee-colored, with splashy sounds in the abdomen, diffuse abdominal tenderness, and in severe cases, dehydration and shock may occur, leading to death.

　　1. Maintain normal physiological functions such as respiration and circulation.

　　2. Ensure the effectiveness of fracture fixation and ensure satisfactory external fixation.

　　3. Alleviate pain and reduce the pain of the patient.

　　4. Scientifically guide functional exercise, so that the function of the affected limb recovers and develops synchronously with the fracture healing.

　　5. Attend to daily life, meet the needs of life in terms of physiology, culture, and other aspects.

　　6. Reasonably arrange nutritional diet, maintain the needs of the body's nutritional metabolism.

　　7. Effective prevention of systemic and local complications.

　　8. Strengthen psychological care, maintain mental health, and guide the improvement of self-care and self-care abilities.

　　The following are the examinations for plaster syndrome:

      1. The vomitus is strongly positive for occult blood.

　　2. Hypokalemia and hypochloric alkalosis.

　　3. Electrocardiogram shows hypokalemia changes.

　　4. X-ray shows gastric dilatation and gas-filled duodenal dilatation.

　　1. What foods are good for plaster syndrome?

　　Diet should be light and reasonable, with balanced nutrition.

　　2. What foods should be avoided for plaster syndrome?

　　In terms of diet, avoid spicy, stimulating, hard, and other foods.

　　(The above information is for reference only, please consult a doctor for details)

　　1. Gastrointestinal decompression, and wash the stomach with warm saline.

　　2. Remove the cause, change to supine position, and if the condition permits, change to prone position, and elevate the feet.

　　3. Supplement blood volume, correct water and electrolyte imbalances, and acid-base balance disorders.

　　4. If the condition does not improve, active surgical treatment should be performed, and the Treitz ligament release operation should be performed.

　　5. Remove the cast or temporarily relieve traction, or reduce the correction angle if necessary.