Children's Enteritis

　　Causes of infantile enteritis

　　1. Unreasonable diet: If a child eats too much or too little in life, eats too much or too much starchy or fatty food too early or too much, suddenly changes food, or suddenly stops breastfeeding, it can easily cause infantile enteritis.

　　2. Inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract, pneumonia, nephritis, otitis media, and other diseases outside the gastrointestinal tract can reduce the secretion of digestive enzymes and increase intestinal peristalsis due to fever and absorption of bacterial toxins.

　　3. Intestinal infections are caused by bacteria and viruses, especially pathogenic Escherichia coli, which is the primary pathogen causing acute enteritis. If a child falls ill and a large amount of antibiotics are used in an unreasonable manner, it may lead to mold invasion of the gastrointestinal tract.

　　4. Climate change: cold weather increases intestinal motility, while hot weather reduces the secretion of gastric acid and digestive enzymes, which can also trigger acute enteritis.

　　Infantile enteritis can lead to complications such as vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, metabolic acidosis, shock, and dehydration, among which dehydration is more common. In severe cases, it can also cause gastrointestinal bleeding, perforation, and induce carcinogenesis, such as gastric cancer and colon cancer. Therefore, we cannot be indifferent in our daily lives. We must have early examination and treatment for gastrointestinal discomfort to prevent diseases in advance.

　　Dehydration refers to a symptom in which the human body, due to illness, consumes a large amount of water and cannot be replenished in time, causing metabolic disorders. In severe cases, it can cause fainting and even be life-threatening, and it needs to be supplemented with intravenous fluids to replenish body fluids.

Clinical manifestations of infantile enteritis

　　1. Mild:If a child has 5 to 8 bowel movements a day, there is slight fever, and there are no symptoms of dehydration.

　　2. Moderate:If a child has more than 10 bowel movements a day, the stools are watery, muddy, and contain mucus, pus, or blood, commonly known as 'dysentery'. There are symptoms of dehydration and high fever; due to the toxins of the bacteria, they often cause spasms, drowsiness, shock, and even death in severe cases.

　　3. Severe:If a child has more than 15 bowel movements a day, watery stools are ejected, and there are symptoms of severe dehydration, such as dry skin, sunken eyes, dark circles around the eyes, reduced urine output, thirst, restlessness, and in addition, there are symptoms such as acidosis, respiratory discomfort, fainting, and semi-coma. Due to potassium deficiency and edema, there may be intestinal paralysis. If not treated in time, the mortality rate can reach more than 30%.

Preventive measures for infantile enteritis

　　1. Pay attention to household hygiene, install mosquito nets, kill flies and cockroaches, and keep the environment clean.

　　1. Avoid taking children to public places.

　　2. Avoid eating unclean cold foods.

　　3. Pay attention to the safety and cleanliness of the baby's feeding utensils.

　　4. Isolate patients and handle their excrement with care.

　　5. Personal hygiene and health education, especially for those taking care of children, should often wash their hands, and wash their hands after changing a baby's diapers; wash hands after contacting the baby's excrement to prevent bacteria from being transmitted to the baby.

Examination of infantile enteritis

　　1. Fecal examination:When collecting fecal specimens, it is generally first to the laboratory to obtain a waxed small paper box, and at home, a paper box or plastic box can be used. Prepare a clean wooden stick for collecting feces. If the feces are watery, they can be first emptied into a clean basin, and then poured into a clean bottle for testing.

　　2. X-ray examination:Gastrointestinal X-ray examination shows that the movement of the entire gastrointestinal tract is accelerated, the colon pouches are deepened, and the tension is enhanced. Sometimes, due to colonic spasm, the descending colon and below show linear shadows.

Diet for infantile enteritis

　　First, the dietary precautions for infantile enteritis

　　1. Any dairy products and processed fish and meat foods should not be consumed if they are left at room temperature for too long.

　　2. Pay attention to the food heated in the microwave oven, and the center temperature should be hot enough before eating. The microwave itself does not have the ability to sterilize.

　　3. Pay more attention when traveling in other places because the bacteria species are different, and the intestinal resistance will be lower.

　　4. Raw meat should be fully cooked before eating.

Second, Dietetic Treatment for Children's Enteritis

　　1. Apple Diet

　　Apples contain tannins and have astringent effect. Wash an apple, steam it, eat the fruit meat or peel and mash it into a puree, 30-60 grams each time, 3 times a day. Apple soup is also an auxiliary beverage for treating diarrhea. Chop the apple, add 250 milliliters of water and a small amount of salt, and you can also add 5% sugar, decoct the soup instead of tea, suitable for infants under 1 year old.

　　2. Yolk Diet

　　Boil the egg, remove the shell and yolk, and simmer the yolk in the pot over low heat to extract the oil. For infants under 1 year old, take one yolk oil per day, divided into 2-3 doses, for a course of 3 days, to treat diarrhea and have the effects of replenishing the spleen, benefiting the stomach, and stopping diarrhea; the egg yolk mixed with a little flour and ginger steam into an egg cake also has the same effect.

　　3. Chestnut Paste Diet

　　Use 3-5 chestnuts, remove the shell, crush them, and boil them into a paste. Add sugar for seasoning and eat it, 2-3 times a day, which has the effect of warming and stopping diarrhea.

　　In addition, tea made from tangerine and jujube, carrot soup, etc., all have the effect of invigorating the spleen and stopping diarrhea. Dietetic foods that can be used during the recovery period include white rice porridge, noodles, lotus root powder, eggs, steamed fish, salted egg custard, etc.

Treatment of Children's Enteritis

　　1. The most important thing in treating enteritis is to replenish water and electrolytes. Usually, patients only need to rest in bed and drink an adequate amount of water (such as oral rehydration salts solution). Breastfeeding infants should continue breastfeeding. Carbonated drinks, tea, sports drinks, caffeine-containing beverages, and fruit juice are not suitable for rehydration. If diarrhea lasts for a long time or there is severe dehydration, intravenous rehydration is necessary.

　　2. Since antibiotics may cause diarrhea or promote the growth of drug-resistant bacteria, even if the pathogenic bacteria causing enteritis are clear, antibiotics are usually not recommended. However, certain pathogenic bacteria (such as Campylobacter, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, etc.) infections or patients with traveler's diarrhea can use antibiotics.

　　3. Antibiotics are ineffective for enteritis caused by viral infection.

　　4. Enteritis caused by parasitic infection requires the use of antiparasitic drugs.