Stomach Disease

　　The causes of gastric diseases are numerous, such as heredity, environment, diet, drugs, bacteria, smoking, excessive drinking, and others, which can all cause gastric diseases. The mechanism of action is that these factors can lead to excessive secretion of gastric acid, thereby destroying the protective barrier of the gastric and duodenal mucosa, resulting in mucosal injury and destruction. Research has found that Helicobacter pylori plays a significant role in the occurrence and development of gastric diseases.

　　The causes of gastritis include the following aspects:
　　1. Persistent injury to the gastric mucosa after acute gastritis;
　　2. Helicobacter pylori infection;
　　3. Unhealthy lifestyle, such as excessive drinking, drinking strong tea or strong coffee, eating spicy or rough foods, smoking, and others;
　　4. Long-term use of drugs that damage the gastric mucosa, such as aspirin, indomethacin, corticosteroids, antitumor drugs, and others;
　　5. Chronic systemic diseases, such as chronic nephritis, uremia, severe diabetes, and other diseases can also cause gastric disease;
　　6. Emotional and psychological factors, long-term exposure to negative emotions such as depression, tension, anxiety, worry, and depression; or overexertion at work, long-term excessive mental labor;
　　7. Genetic factors are believed to be related to the occurrence of gastric disease, but have not been confirmed yet.

　　If gastric disease is not treated well, it can lead to recurrent attacks, long-term non-healing, and ultimately lead to various complications. Common complications include:

　　1. Ulcer disease:Peptic ulcer usually occurs on the basis of gastritis. The occurrence of gastric ulcer is related to diet, occupation, smoking, heredity, and dysfunction of the pyloric sphincter. These factors can cause an increase in gastric acid secretion and destruction of the gastric mucosal barrier, leading to the formation of ulcers.

　　2. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding:Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is the most common complication of peptic ulcer. If peptic ulcer is not treated in time, or if there is overeating, excessive alcohol consumption, overexertion, or unreasonable medication, it can lead to vascular rupture and bleeding, causing gastrointestinal bleeding.

　　3. Gastrointestinal perforation:Gastrointestinal perforation refers to the sudden penetration of the gastric wall by an ulcer that has reached the muscular and serosal layers, causing the leakage of gastric or duodenal juice into the peritoneal cavity, leading to diffuse peritonitis.

　　4. Pyloric obstruction:Duodenal or pyloric ulcer can cause pyloric stenosis due to inflammation, edema, pyloric spasm, gastric mucosal prolapse, or scar contraction, leading to pyloric obstruction.

　　5. Carcinogenesis:Chronic gastritis, ulcerative disease, and other gastric diseases can lead to local gastric mucosal carcinogenesis, causing gastric cancer.

　　The symptoms of gastric disease are various, common symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, burning sensation, loss of appetite, etc. The abdominal pain caused by gastric disease is often located in the upper and middle abdomen, below the xiphoid process. The nature of the pain is often hidden, but can also be sharp, bloating, burning, or spasm-like. Hidden pain and a feeling of fullness in the stomach are early and common symptoms.

　　Gastric disease is often caused by unreasonable diet, irregular eating habits, or psychological factors. Early prevention and self-care can help reduce the occurrence of gastric disease and alleviate symptoms.

　　(1) Regular diet:Irregular eating habits can easily cause disordered gastric motility, causing the vagus nerve and the nerve plexus within the gastric wall to become hyperactive, leading to increased secretion of gastric juice and a tendency to cause gastritis or gastric ulcer. It is best to eat at regular intervals, with 5 to 6 meals per day. Eating less can reduce the burden on the stomach and avoid excessive expansion of the stomach; eating more frequently can keep a small amount of food in the stomach to neutralize the excessive gastric acid in the stomach.

　　(2) Do not eat snacks:Patients with gastric disease should not eat snacks, otherwise it will increase gastric motility, promote the secretion of gastric acid, and worsen the ulceration of the gastric wall.

　　(3) Pay attention to dietary hygiene:It is important to chew food slowly while eating, allowing it to be fully ground in the mouth and mixed with saliva. This can reduce the burden on the stomach and make food easier to digest. In addition, it is best to eat less刺激性 food to reduce the stimulation of the gastric mucosa.

　　(4) Cannot drink alcohol and smoke:Smoking and drinking are very harmful to the stomach. The stimulatory effect of nicotine in tobacco can delay the excretion of gastric contents, leading to increased gastric acid secretion and aggravating the condition of gastritis and gastric ulcer. Drinking, especially drinking on an empty stomach, is more harmful to patients with stomach disease. Because alcohol in the drink has a very strong stimulatory effect on the gastric mucosa, after the stomach is stimulated, it will appear strong contraction and expansion movements, which are very easy to cause gastric hemorrhage or perforation of the gastric ulcer site, resulting in life-threatening conditions.

　　(5) Avoid taking drugs that stimulate the stomach:Long-term use of drugs that stimulate the gastric mucosa, such as erythromycin, prednisone, aspirin, and sodium diclofenac, can cause gastric mucosal damage and inflammation or ulceration. Therefore, do not take drugs that stimulate the stomach for a long time. If these drugs are taken occasionally, they should be taken after meals. If conditions permit, it is best to replace them with traditional Chinese medicine with the same effect.

　　(6) Maintain a cheerful spirit:The health of the stomach is closely related to mental factors. Excessive mental stimulation, such as long-term tension, fear, sadness, and depression, can cause dysfunction of the cerebral cortex, promote vagus nerve dysfunction, lead to spasmodic contraction of the gastric wall blood vessels, and then trigger gastritis and gastric ulcer. Therefore, one should be cheerful, open-minded, strong-willed, and good at extricating oneself from difficulties in daily life.

　　1. Barium meal examination
　　The patient takes a contrast agent, and after a period of time, the contrast agent is filled throughout the digestive tract through the peristalsis of the digestive tract. X-ray examination can understand the morphological characteristics of each organ in the digestive tract.
　　
　　2. Gastroscopy examination
　　Through a fibrous tube directly inserted into the stomach from the mouth, the probe can directly photograph the surface condition of the stomach and understand whether there is congestion, edema, erosion, ulceration, and other conditions.

　　3. Capsule endoscopy examination
　　Capsule endoscopy does not require special preparation during the examination, does not require intubation, and only needs to take one pill. It does not affect daily life and work, and has no pain or toxic side effects, and can clearly observe various lesions in the entire gastrointestinal tract. With the gradual introduction of capsule endoscopy into clinical use, gastrointestinal patients will no longer have to endure the pain of intubation during traditional examinations.

　　4. Painless gastroscopy examination
　　Painless gastroscopy is an instrument and method for diagnosing and detecting digestive system diseases using the principle of ultrasound. Especially when using a quick-dissolving gastrointestinal ultrasound assistant, it is non-invasive, non-hurting, and painless. It can clearly check various acute and chronic, superficial, and atrophic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, gastric prolapse, acute and chronic colitis, tumors, inflammation, polyps, and other lesions in a short time, providing scientific diagnostic criteria for clinical treatment.

　　Irregular and irregular diet is the most harmful to the stomach. Stomach disease is caused by people's overeating and irregular diet. Stomach disease requires 'three parts treatment and seven parts nourishment', and the most important thing in treating stomach disease is to nourish the stomach.

　　1. Reasonable diet:Patients with stomach diseases should eat less fried food, less pickled food, and less cold and刺激性 food. Avoid increasing the burden on the digestive tract and increasing the stimulation of the gastric mucosa.

　　2. Regular Diet:Studies have shown that regular meals can form conditioned reflexes, which are helpful for the secretion of digestive glands and more conducive to digestion. Eat moderately in each meal, with three meals a day at regular times. At the specified time, regardless of whether you are hungry or not, you should take the initiative to eat. Avoid being too hungry or too full. The temperature of the food should not be too hot or too cold.

　　3. Avoid Drinking Water Immediately After Meals:The best time to drink water is in the morning on an empty stomach and one hour before each meal. Drinking water immediately after meals will dilute gastric juice. Soup rice will also affect the digestion of food.

　　4. Prevent Cold and Keep Warm:After the stomach is cooled, its function will be damaged, so attention should be paid to keeping the stomach warm and not catching a cold.

　　Treating stomach disease should first pay attention to the general treatment of stomach disease patients, such as reasonable lifestyle and dietary habits, moderate rest, smoking and alcohol avoidance, not drinking coffee and strong tea, and at the same time, reduce the content of gastric acid and strengthen the protection of the mucosal layer that directly contacts gastric acid. Non-prescription drugs commonly used include antacids and gastric mucosal protective agents, and appropriate antispasmodics can be selected.

　　(1) Antacids:They can treat excessive gastric acid and are the most commonly used drugs for treating gastric, duodenal ulcer disease, and other stomach diseases. They include sodium bicarbonate (commonly known as baking soda), aluminum hydroxide gel, magnesium trisilicate, and composite preparations such as Gastrulax, Gastronil, Gastrimel, and Gastridol, etc. Antacids should be taken 1~1.5 hours after meals. If the therapeutic effect is not obvious, the frequency of taking the medicine can be increased without increasing the dose each time, generally adding one dose before going to bed.

　　(2) Anticholinergic Drugs:Commonly used drugs include Atropine, Propantheline, Gastruline, Gastric Happiness, Gastric Anesthetic, anticholinergic drugs. Generally, they are used in combination with acid neutralizers, and the effect of single use is poor. The best time to take the medicine is 15~30 minutes before meals. Patients with glaucoma, benign prostatic hyperplasia, gastroesophageal reflux, and bronchitis should avoid taking such drugs.

　　(3) Antacids:Antacids can inhibit the secretion of gastric acid, and have significant curative effects on ulcer disease, especially duodenal ulcer, with fast onset and strong analgesic effect.

　　(4) Gastric Motility Drugs:For example, Antinausea (Metoclopramide), Domperidone, have the effect of treating abdominal distension and nausea and vomiting.