Chronic diarrhea

　　Chronic diarrhea is often caused by the prolonged treatment or misdiagnosis of acute enteritis. The causes can be microbial infections such as bacteria, molds, viruses, protozoa, etc., or allergic reactions and变态 reactions. Long-term excessive fatigue, emotional excitement, excessive mental tension, and malnutrition can all be triggers for chronic diarrhea.

　　The common complications of chronic diarrhea mainly include the following aspects:

　　1. Cerebrovascular accidents
　　This is an undeniable complication that causes elderly diarrhea. During diarrhea, a large amount of water and sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium ions are excreted from the stool. The loss of water causes the body to be in a state of dehydration. At this time, the blood volume in the body decreases, leading to an increase in blood viscosity, slow blood flow, and an increased risk of thrombosis and vascular blockage. The blockage of the coronary artery causes angina pectoris and myocardial infarction; the blockage of the cerebral artery causes ischemic stroke. Sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium are important cations in the body. In addition to maintaining blood acid-base balance, they play a vital role in maintaining nerve conduction function and heart rhythm. Deficiency can cause serious arrhythmias and sudden death.

　　2. Hypoglycemia
　　Diarrhea usually leads to a decrease in appetite, resulting in insufficient food intake. At this time, it is necessary to break down the stored glycogen in the body to maintain blood glucose stability. When the patient does not have enough glycogen stored to convert into blood glucose, it causes a decrease in blood glucose levels in the body. At this time, the patient may experience a series of symptoms of hypoglycemia, such as fatigue, sweating, palpitations, pale complexion, and fainting. When the blood glucose concentration is below 3.0 millimoles per liter, it can lead to mental symptoms even coma, which may cause sudden death.

　　3、脱水和酸中毒
　　3. Dehydration and acidosis

　　Chronic diarrhea can develop from acute enteritis or recurrent episodes, with the course of the disease lasting for more than 2 months. The symptoms are as follows:
　　1. Gastrointestinal symptoms Commonly presents intermittent abdominal dull pain, abdominal distension, and abdominal pain. Diarrhea is the main manifestation of the disease, and it worsens when exposed to cold, consuming greasy foods, or when emotional fluctuations or fatigue occur. During the acute onset of chronic enteritis, high fever, abdominal绞痛, nausea and vomiting, urgent defecation like water, or sticky and bloody stools may be seen.
　　2. General symptoms Manifesting chronic consumptive symptoms, the complexion is not bright, the spirit is not vigorous, speaking is short of breath, the limbs are weak, and there is a preference for warmth and fear of cold. If in the acute inflammation period, in addition to fever, there may be symptoms of dehydration, acidosis, or shock hemorrhage.
　　3. Signs Long-term abdominal discomfort or a dull pain in the lower abdomen, physical examination shows that the abdomen, umbilical area, or lower abdomen is the main area, with mild tenderness, increased bowel sounds, and prolapse of the rectum.

　　Chronic diarrhea is often caused by unclean things, so the most important prevention is the cleanliness and safety of food. Try not to eat raw and cold things sold on the street. When eating at home, boil the food and use other methods to clean and disinfect it. The utensils also need to be disinfected clean, and all baby bottles and nipples need to be strictly disinfected. Do not leave the prepared milk or half-eaten milk in a warm room for too long. When there are patients at home, they should be isolated, and the utensils for excretion such as feces and vomit need to be disinfected. The excrement should be handled carefully to avoid infecting other children.

　　Blood routine examination in patients with chronic diarrhea may show an increase in white blood cells and red blood cells; an accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The routine examination of stool or culture often shows abnormalities, with a small number of white blood cells and red blood cells or a small number of pus cells, and if there is bacterial infection, the pathogenic bacteria can be found.

　　Patients with chronic diarrhea should generally eat soft, easily digestible, nutritious, and sufficient-calorie foods. It is recommended to eat small and frequent meals, and to supplement a variety of vitamins. Avoid eating raw, cold, greasy, and high-fiber foods. Also, pay attention to food hygiene to avoid intestinal infections that may trigger or worsen the disease.

　　Chronic diarrhea can also try to use traditional Chinese medicine. The specific dialectical treatment is as follows:

　　1. Deficiency of the spleen and stomach
　　Symptoms: Loose stools, alternating with diarrhea, lasting for a long time and recurring, undigested grains, poor appetite, feeling uncomfortable after eating, and a significant increase in the frequency of bowel movements when consuming greasy foods. The complexion is sallow, the spirit is exhausted, the tongue is pale with a white coating, and the pulse is thin and weak.
　　Treatment method: strengthen the spleen and invigorate Qi.
　　Prescription: Shenling Baizhu powder. In the formula, Renshen, Baizhu, Fuling, Gancao invigorate the spleen and Qi; Sharen, Chenpi, Jiegeng, Biandou, Shanyao, Lianzi meat, Yiren regulate Qi and strengthen the spleen to eliminate dampness, which is a commonly used prescription for treating spleen deficiency diarrhea. If spleen Yang deficiency is serious, Yin cold is internal, it can be matched with Fuzi Liren decoction to warm the middle and disperse cold; if diarrhea does not heal for a long time, the middle Qi sinks, and there is also prolapse of the anus, it can be treated with Bu Zhong Yi Qi decoction, using a large amount of Huangqi and Dangshen to invigorate Qi and uplift Qi, strengthen the spleen and stop diarrhea.

　　2, Liver Qi attacking spleen type
　　Symptoms: always have chest and side stuffiness, belching, less appetite, often have abdominal pain and diarrhea when depressed, angry or emotional tension, pale red tongue, wiry pulse.
　　Treatment method: suppress the liver and support the spleen.
　　Prescription: Tongxie Yaofang is the main medicine. In the formula, Baizhu strengthens the spleen and replenishes deficiency; Baishao nourishes blood and softens the liver; Chenpi regulates Qi and wakes up the spleen; Fangfeng uplifts Qi and stops diarrhea. Together, they have the effect of soothing the liver and relieving depression, strengthening the spleen and stopping diarrhea.

　　3, Yang deficiency of spleen and kidney type
　　Symptoms: pain around the umbilicus before dawn, diarrhea after intestinal sounds, feeling comfortable after defecation, feeling cold in the limbs, soreness in the lower back and knees, pale tongue with white fur, thin pulse.
　　Treatment method: warm and tonify spleen and kidney, astringe diarrhea.
　　Prescription: Liren decoction combined with Sishen pill. The Sishen pill replenishes kidney Yang with Buguzhi; Roumuxiang, Wuzhuyu warm the middle and disperse cold; Wuweizi astringes diarrhea. The Liren decoction warms the middle and strengthens the spleen, which is mainly used for diarrhea due to deficiency of spleen and kidney. If the elderly are physically衰弱, diarrhea does not stop for a long time, the middle Qi sinks, it is advisable to add Qiyi Shengyang and astringent herbs such as Renshen, Huangqi, Kezi meat, Shiliupi, Chishili, stir-fried rice shell, and can also be combined with Taohuatang to solidify the intestines and astringe diarrhea.

　　4, blood stasis type
　　Symptoms: diarrhea for a long time, not feeling comfortable after defecation, abdominal stabbing pain, pain with a fixed location, severe pain when pressed, pale complexion, dry mouth without thirst, ecchymosis on the edge of the tongue or dark red tongue quality, wiry and涩脉.
　　Treatment: dissolve blood stasis and unblock collaterals, harmonize the营 and stop bleeding.
　　Prescription: Shaofu Zuyu decoction is the main medicine. In the formula, Puhuang, Wulingzhi are matched with Danggui, Chuanxiong as the main drugs, combined with Yuanhu, Muxiang to activate blood and relieve pain; Guixin, Xiaomuxiang, Ganjiang warm meridians and dissipate blood stasis, so that the blood stasis in the intestines and collaterals can be dispersed, and diarrhea and abdominal pain will stop. If Qi and blood stasis are stagnant, they turn into pus and blood, and the stool contains red and white sticky sputum, it can be used in combination with Baihetong decoction to clear heat and cool blood, promote diuresis and resolve blood stasis.