The absence of abdominal muscles syndrome

　　The absence of abdominal muscles syndrome is not yet clear, and it is believed to have three possibilities:

　　1. Genetic factors:This inference only applies to individual cases.

　　2. Secondary to lower urinary tract obstruction:Due to the secondary megacolon and abdominal enlargement caused by lower urinary tract obstruction, it leads to poor development of abdominal muscles, and also hinders the descent of the testes. This inference cannot explain all cases, such as those with only poor development of abdominal muscles without other malformations.

　　3. Embryonic development disorder:Based on the musculoskeletal system, the kidneys and ureters are derived from the mesoderm, when the germ layer develops abnormally, it can lead to malformations in related systems, this inference is recognized by most scholars, in short, the etiology of this disease needs to be further explored.

　　The absence of abdominal muscles syndrome often causes respiratory tract infections and renal malformations, as follows:

　　1. Respiratory tract infection

　　Respiratory tract infections are divided into upper respiratory tract infections and lower respiratory tract infections. Upper respiratory tract infection refers to the general term for acute inflammation between the nasal cavity and the larynx, which is the most common infectious disease. Lower respiratory tract infection is the most common infectious disease, and it is necessary to identify the pathogen causing the infection to select effective antibiotics during treatment.

　　2. Congenital renal malformation

　　Renal malformations include cystic renal lesions, horseshoe kidney, solitary kidney, etc., congenital ureteral malformations are common, including complete absence of ureter, such as double ureteral malformation, ureteral diverticulum, ectopic ureteral orifice, posterior vena cava ureter, ureter, renal pelvis connection malformation, etc.

　　The absence of abdominal muscles syndrome is mainly manifested as thin abdominal wall like paper, the abdominal internal organs can be seen faintly, it is clearer to touch with hands, patients cannot change from lying to sitting without the help of arm strength, coughing when abdominal pressure is insufficient, often with respiratory tract infection, the skin under the ribs is red, the incomplete type has normal abdominal wall, only showing bilateral cryptorchidism and urinary system malformation. The manifestations of urinary system malformation include:

　　6. Complete obstruction of the urethra, renal failure after birth, urinary system surgery drainage still has oliguria, died of uremia in a short period of time,

　　5. Severe structural and functional damage to the upper urinary tract, rapid progression of uremia, emergency renal or ureteral stent drainage of urine, the surgically seen ureter is obviously dilated, lacks peristalsis,

　　3. The obstruction of the urinary system is slight, the symptoms in childhood are not severe, and it can be corrected by surgery, but the failure rate of conservative treatment is 80%.

　　There is no effective preventive measure for the absence of abdominal muscles syndrome, early detection and diagnosis are the key to the prevention and treatment of the disease. The main focus is on preventing respiratory and urinary tract infections.

　　1. Prevention of urinary tract infections:Early relief of urinary tract obstruction and active prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections are the primary measures to protect renal function. Different measures should be taken to relieve urinary tract obstruction according to the patient's overall condition, the location and severity of urinary tract obstruction.

　　2. Prevention of respiratory tract infections:Only symptomatic treatment, oxygen therapy, and clearance of secretions in the respiratory tract, and actively taking antibiotics.

　　In the diagnosis of abdominal muscle absence syndrome, in addition to relying on its clinical manifestations, auxiliary examinations are also needed. Patients should undergo ultrasound, CT, abdominal flat film, and other imaging examinations. Patients should strengthen nutrition, eat more high-protein and vitamin-rich foods, such as lean meat, shrimp, etc.

　　Patients with abdominal muscle absence syndrome should pay attention to dietary adjustment in addition to general treatment.

　　1. Strengthen nutrition, eat more high-protein and vitamin-rich foods, such as lean meat, shrimp, etc.

　　2. Eat easily digestible foods such as chicken and fish.

　　3. Eat light foods, eat more fresh fruits and vegetables to ensure adequate intake of vitamins.

　　4.Avoid foods that can cause intestinal distension, such as milk, soy milk, eggs, etc..

　　5. Avoid smoking, alcohol, greasy, fried, moldy, and pickled foods.

　　6. Avoid high-fat foods such as fatty meat and other foods.

　　The treatment of abdominal muscle absence syndrome includes drug treatment and surgical treatment, as follows: specific details are as follows:

　　First, drug treatment

　　It is mainly to treat respiratory tract infections and urinary tract infections.

　　Second, surgical treatment

　　1. Reconstruction of the abdominal wall, abdominal plastic surgery can be performed, but now abdominal band fixation is more commonly used.

　　2. During abdominal surgery, orchiopexy is performed, and some may require orchioplastic autografting.

　　3. For individuals with urological malformations, surgical correction can improve renal function, and kidney transplantation can be considered in cases of renal hypoplasia or severe uremia.

　　4. Mild changes in the upper urinary tract, while there are obvious obstructive changes in the lower urinary tract, such as urethral valves or urethral stricture, simple surgery to relieve the lesion can be performed.

　　5. Urological reconstruction surgery.

　　6. Severe pelviureteral dilatation, the ureter and bladder have completely lost function, and intestinal substitution and abdominal wall opening surgery can be adopted.