Kidney cough

　　1. Inhalants:Inhalants are divided into specific and non-specific types. The former includes dust mites, pollen, fungi, animal dander, etc.; non-specific inhalants include sulfuric acid, sulfur dioxide, ammonia chloride, etc. Specific inhalants for occupational cough include toluene diisocyanate, phthalic anhydride, ethylenediamine, penicillin, protease, amylase, silk, animal dander or excrement, etc. In addition, non-specific ones include formaldehyde, formic acid, etc.

　　2, Infection:The formation and onset of cough are related to repeated respiratory tract infections. In cough patients, there may be specific IgE to bacteria, viruses, mycoplasma, etc., and coughing can be induced if the corresponding antigens are inhaled. After viral infection, it can directly damage the respiratory epithelium, causing increased respiratory tract reactivity. Some scholars believe that interferon and IL-1 produced by viral infection can increase the release of histamine by basophils. After respiratory tract virus infection (especially respiratory syncytial virus) in infancy, a large number of patients also show cough symptoms. Cough caused by parasites such as ascaris and hookworm can still be seen in rural areas.

　　3, Food:The phenomenon of coughing induced by diet is often seen in cough patients, especially infants and young children are more likely to be allergic to food, but it gradually decreases with age growth. The most common allergenic foods are fish, shrimp and crab, eggs, milk, etc.

　　4, Climate change:Coughing can be induced when there are changes in temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, and (or) ions in the air, so there are more cases in cold seasons or during the transition of autumn and winter climate.

　　5, Mental factors:Emotional excitement, tension, anger, and other factors in patients can promote the onset of coughing, which is generally believed to be caused by the reflex or overbreathing through the cerebral cortex and vagus nerve.

　　6, Exercise:About 70% to 80% of cough patients may induce coughing after intense exercise, known as exercise-induced cough or exercise cough. Clinical manifestations include cough, chest tightness, shortness of breath, wheezing, and wheezing sounds can be heard on auscultation. Some patients may not have typical asthma symptoms after exercise, but pulmonary function tests before and after exercise can show bronchospasm.

　　7, Cough and drugs:Some drugs can cause coughing, such as propranolol, which can cause coughing by blocking β2-adrenergic receptors.

　　1, Dry and irritating cough:Patients feel dry and itchy in the throat and larynx, without sputum, commonly seen in early stage of upper respiratory tract infection, bronchitis, pleurisy, and early pulmonary tuberculosis.

　　2, Wet cough:Excessive phlegm, a gurgling sound in the throat, commonly seen in bronchitis, late stage of pneumonia, bronchiectasis, lung abscess, and pulmonary edema.

　　3, Single sound shallow cough:Caused by stimulation of the pharynx and larynx due to hypertrophy of the tonsils, adenoids, or chronic rhinitis and pharyngitis.

　　4, Spasmodic cough:A series of paroxysmal severe coughs, coughing with red face and ears, showing asphyxia, commonly seen in whooping cough and tracheal foreign bodies, also seen in patients with tracheal or bronchial compression by enlarged lymph nodes, bronchiectasis, and primary interstitial pneumonia.

　　5, Barking cough:High-pitched dry cough, the sound like a dog barking often accompanied by hoarseness, laryngeal stridor, and difficulty in inhalation, commonly seen in acute laryngitis.

　　6, Silent cough:Coughing without sound, occasionally seen in patients with hysteria or laryngeal paralysis.

　　7, Metallic tone cough:Coughing is caused by resonance of air in the thoracic cavity, and occasionally heard in patients with open chest injury.

　　Lead to back and shoulder pain, and even saliva. 'Su Wen · Discussion on Cough': 'The condition of kidney cough is that when coughing, the back and shoulders are drawn together and painful, and even saliva.

　　In clinical practice, adhere to the principle of seeking the cause and treating the disease, removing the cause of cough, and the cough will stop naturally. For external cough, pathogenic Qi often enters the lung through the skin, hair, mouth, and nose, and treatment should be given priority to dispersing, as the lung likes acrid and light flavors that can open and release lung Qi, and when lung Qi is smooth, cough can be relieved. Although the medication is not more than acrid and cool or acrid and warm, due to the frequent occurrence of实证 and heat in children, acrid and cool clearing and releasing is most commonly used.

　　The treatment of internal injury cough is different, but in general, it is not more than invigorating the spleen for excessive dampness, promoting digestion for food retention, clearing heat for excess fire, nourishing Yin for deficiency fire, replenishing the spleen for spleen deficiency, and warming and dispersing for lung cold, etc.

　　1, Laboratory tests:There are abnormal urine tests, urinary protein is often elevated, and urine sediment microscopy shows glomerular hematuria (i.e., the morphology of red blood cells in urine sediment is polymorphic), and casts can be seen.

　　2, B-ultrasound examination:Early renal size is normal, and in the late stage, there may be bilateral symmetrical shrinkage, thinning of renal cortex, and unclear renal structure.

　　3, Renal tissue pathological biopsy:There is a clear evaluation of the pathological type and severity of the renal lesions.

　　Patients with kidney cough should pay attention to a light diet, avoid eating刺激性 foods such as cigarettes, alcohol, coffee, strong tea, and various spicy seasonings such as scallions, ginger, garlic, chili, pepper, and curry. At the same time, ensure adequate nutrition to help the disease recover faster.

　　1, Yin deficiency

　　For Yin deficiency, use Erdous Ermu Decoction. For those with severe dry mouth and tongue, add Sha shen, lily, and Sheng di to nourish Yin and moisten dryness; for those with severe cough, add Bai bu, Zicao, and Kudinghua to moisten the lung and stop coughing; for those with sticky phlegm that is not easy to expel, add Haiha powder to clear heat and dissolve phlegm; for those with hemoptysis, add Baiji, Qiancao, and Oujie to stop bleeding.

　　2, Yang deficiency

　　For Yang deficiency, add ingredients to Zhenwu Decoction. For severe cough, add dried ginger, asarum, and Schisandra chinensis powder to dispel cold and transform phlegm, and to condense the lung and stop coughing; for those with poor Qi movement and chest and hypochondrium stuffiness, add baizhi and fangfuhua to remove phlegm and lower Qi; for those with shortness of breath, add dangshen to invigorate Qi and replenish deficiency; for those with loose stools, add dried ginger to warm the middle and dispel cold.