Acinetobacter pneumonia

　　Acinetobacter pneumonia is caused by infection with Aeromonas hydrophila. Aeromonas hydrophila was first isolated from a stool sample of a patient with colitis by Miles et al. in 1937. This genus belongs to Gram-negative short rods, (1～4) μm × (0.4～1) μm, arranged singly or in pairs, with rounded ends, a single flagellum, and a穿梭样motive force. There is no sporangium, and there is a thin capsule. This genus is aerobic and facultative anaerobic. On blood agar plates, it forms grayish-white, smooth, moist, convex colonies with a diameter of about 2mm. About 76% of the strains have a β-hemolysis ring, and the colonies turn dark green after 3-5 days. On selective intestinal culture media (such as S.S, EMB, MacConkey agar plates, etc.), it forms lactose-negative colonies, which are turbid, milky gray, and odorless. The oxidase test is positive, and it can be distinguished from Escherichia coli. The antigenic structure of this bacterium is not yet clear. The utilization of sugars by this genus is fermentative, producing acid or acid and gas, to distinguish it from the Pseudomonas genus. When the bacteria are cultured at 30℃ conditions, they produce acid in glucose, mannitol, maltose, and trehalose, usually accompanied by gas production; they also produce acid and gas in sucrose, arabinose, and sorbitol. The antigenic structure of this bacterium is not yet clear.

　　The most common complication of Acinetobacter pneumonia is sepsis, which refers to the invasion of Acinetobacter into the blood circulation, where it grows and reproduces, producing toxins and causing acute systemic infection. In mild cases, only general infection symptoms may be present, while severe cases can lead to complications such as septic shock and multiple organ failure.

　　Acinetobacter pneumonia often occurs as a secondary condition in certain chronic diseases, such as hemopathy, liver cirrhosis, uremia, tumor, etc. When lung damage occurs, symptoms such as fever, cough, sputum, and chest pain may appear. If sepsis is present, the prognosis is usually severe.

　　Reasonable prevention is an important method to reduce the occurrence of diseases. The following are the preventive measures for this disease, which can be referred to.

　　1. Avoid drinking contaminated water and food.

　　2. Try not to come into contact with patients and sick animals.

　　3. Actively treat the primary disease, strictly prevent the occurrence of cross-infection, and improve the body's resistance.

　　Acinetobacter pneumonia is a lung disease caused by Acinetobacter hydrophila infection. Generally, this disease needs to be diagnosed through the following examinations:

　　First, laboratory examination

　　1. Direct smear: sputum, pus, and feces specimens can generally be taken, and after direct smear, drying and fixation, Gram staining is used for microscopic examination. Acinetobacter is a Gram-negative short rod, blunt ends, and no spores.

　　2. Bacterial culture: specimens can be used with phosphate buffer at 4℃ for low-temperature enrichment, and transplanted every 1, 3, 7 days on MacConkey plates. They can be directly isolated and inoculated on MacConkey plates, then placed at 35℃ for culture for 24 hours. The colonies of this genus are lactose non-fermenting, thick, grayish white, with sizes ranging from 1.5 to 2mm.

　　Second, other auxiliary examinations

　　X-ray manifestations include lobar pulmonary consolidation or diffused patchy shadows, a few cases present bronchopneumonia or peripheral lung infiltration on both sides.

　　There are no special dietary requirements for Acinetobacter pneumonia patients, and normal diet is generally sufficient. It is important to ensure a rich and balanced diet, meeting the needs of calories, proteins, and vitamins for normal human metabolism. Appropriately increase the intake of vegetables and fruits. In terms of health care, it is important to relax, build confidence, maintain a good attitude, and actively cooperate with medical treatment.

　　Acinetobacter infection leads to Acinetobacter pneumonia. This bacterium is highly sensitive to streptomycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), polymyxin B, moderately sensitive to tetracycline, and insensitive to most penicillins and cephalosporins due to the ability to produce β-lactamase. Recently, resistant strains to chloramphenicol and streptomycin have been found. In long-term medication, close attention should be paid to the toxic and side effects of drugs, especially the inhibitory effect of chloramphenicol on the bone marrow. In addition, active treatment of the primary disease and symptomatic and supportive therapy should be supplemented.