Other viral pneumonia

　　In addition to common viral pneumonia, human viral pneumonia can also be caused by other viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, rhinovirus, etc. Pneumonia caused by other viruses is called other viral pneumonia.

　　If other viral pneumonia is not treated in a timely manner, it may very likely lead to the following complications:

　　1, Myocarditis:There are reports that influenza virus pneumonia can be complicated by myocarditis. Due to myocarditis caused by infection, the degree of myocardial damage varies greatly, with varied clinical manifestations. Mild patients may have no symptoms, while severe patients may develop heart failure, cardiogenic shock, or sudden death. Some patients may develop dilated cardiomyopathy changes after the acute phase of viral infection, which can lead to recurrent heart failure.

　　2, Reye's syndrome:It is a severe complication of influenza virus infection, a form of acute encephalopathy and liver fat infiltration syndrome, common in children aged 2 to 16 years. At the beginning of the illness, patients may experience nausea and vomiting, followed by central nervous system symptoms such as drowsiness and coma.

　　3, Secondary bacterial pneumonia;The most common pathogens are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, or Haemophilus influenzae. As the patient's condition gradually worsens or the clinical symptoms worsen further after temporary improvement, cough with sputum, and signs of lung consolidation are observed. X-ray examination shows patchy and spotted shadows in the lungs.

　　Viral pneumonia has a slow onset, the condition is generally mild, and the course of the disease is usually around 2 weeks. Most patients have symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection first, such as sore throat, nasal congestion, runny nose, fever, headache, etc. As the lesion progresses downward, involving the lung parenchyma and causing pneumonia, it manifests as cough, mostly dry cough with paroxysmal attacks, persistent chest pain, and high fever.

　　To prevent other viral pneumonia, it is recommended to promote breastfeeding to enhance the protection of infants against lower respiratory tract infections. Avoid public places during the epidemic period. The application of high-titer immunoglobulin to infants during the RSV epidemic period has a preventive effect, and it has a synergistic effect when used in combination with ribavirin.

　　The diagnosis of other viral pneumonias mainly relies on the basic characteristics of viral infection, the clinical manifestations of pneumonia, and the following examination methods to confirm the diagnosis:

　　1. Laboratory examination

　　The blood leukocyte count is generally normal, may be slightly high or low. In secondary bacterial infections, the total white blood cell count and neutrophils increase. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate is often normal. Sputum examination shows that monocytes account for the majority of white blood cells, and sputum culture often shows no pathogenic bacteria.

　　2. Other auxiliary examinations

　　The chest X-ray signs are often not consistent with the symptoms, often severe symptoms without obvious X-ray manifestations. Generally, interstitial pneumonia is the main type, with increased lung markings and small areas or extensive infiltration. In severe cases, there are diffuse nodular infiltrations in both lungs, but lobar consolidation and pleural effusion are not common. Respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia often has enlargement of the hilum shadow, thickening of lung markings, small areas of shadow around the bronchi, or interstitial changes, with obvious emphysema; adenovirus pneumonia may have small punctate, irregular reticular shadows in the lung areas, which may融合成片状浸润灶，severe cases may show diffuse infiltrative shadows in both lungs, similar to the manifestation of acute respiratory distress syndrome.

　　Patients with other viral pneumonias should pay attention to light and easy-to-digest diets, and appropriately consume fish, eggs, and other foods rich in vitamin A. During the period of disease treatment, it is necessary to avoid spicy and greasy foods. Do not eat large fish, meat, and overly greasy products. Patients with pneumonia should not add spices such as chili, pepper, mustard, Sichuan pepper, etc., to their diets to alleviate the symptoms of the disease.

　　The general treatment for other viral pneumonias should pay attention to keeping warm and preventing cross-infection. Adequate amounts of vitamins and proteins should be provided, and intravenous fluid therapy and oxygen therapy should be administered according to circumstances. Timely correction of water, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalances should maintain the patency of the respiratory tract, and timely elimination of upper respiratory tract secretions, etc., may require mechanical ventilation assistance. In principle, it is not advisable to use antibiotics to prevent secondary bacterial infections. Once it is clear that there is a bacterial infection, appropriate sensitive antibacterial drugs should be administered promptly to control and eliminate the bacterial infection.