Neisseria catarrhalis pneumonia

　　First, etiology

　　The Branhamella catarrhal group is divided into 2 genera:

　　1. Moraxella genus:Including 7 species such as lacunar Moraxella, urethral Moraxella, bovine Moraxella, and so on;

　　2. Branhamella subgenus:Catarrhal Branhamella. Until the 1980s, it was believed that this bacterium was a normal flora of the upper respiratory tract of healthy people. Subsequently, the bacterium was found in the upper and lower respiratory tracts, and on the basis of people's increasing understanding of opportunistic pathogens and normal flora, it was recognized that this bacterium could also be a pathogen. The upper respiratory tract is the habitat and entry point for infection, and there are also reports that it is part of the reproductive tract flora of humans.

　　Second, pathogenesis

　　From acute and chronic tracheitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, especially in cases with low immunity due to underlying diseases (such as connective tissue diseases, sepsis, etc.), Neisseria catarrhalis can be isolated from sputum and airway secretions. Until the 1980s, it was believed that this bacterium was a normal flora of the upper respiratory tract of healthy people. Subsequently, the bacterium was found in the upper and lower respiratory tracts, and on the basis of people's increasing understanding of opportunistic pathogens and normal flora, it was recognized that this bacterium could also be a pathogen. The upper respiratory tract is the habitat and entry point for infection, and there are also reports that it is part of the reproductive tract flora of humans.

　　It can cause sepsis, complicated with meningitis and endocarditis:

　　1. Sepsis:Neisseria catarrhalis侵入blood circulation, grows and reproduces in blood, and produces toxins, leading to acute systemic infection. Mild cases may only have general infection symptoms, while severe cases may develop septic shock, DIC, multiple organ failure, and other complications.

　　2. Meningitis:Purulent exudate is prone to block narrow passages or cause adhesion, leading to cerebral spinal cord circulation disorders and hydrocephalus.

　　3. Endocarditis:An inflammatory disease caused by the invasion of Neisseria catarrhalis into the endocardium, in which thrombi (vegetations) containing pathogenic microorganisms are formed on the surface of the heart valves. The manifestations include fever, heart murmurs, and so on.

　　Clinical manifestations are not very typical and are prone to confusion with other bacterial pneumonia. The following manifestations should be considered for the disease:

　　1. Elderly patients with chronic lung diseases and underlying diseases, and those with a history of long-term use of antibiotics, corticosteroids, or immunosuppressants.

　　2. Acute onset with obvious symptoms or signs of respiratory tract infection, especially with purulent sputum or fever.

　　3. X-ray chest films show inflammatory infiltration lesions,呈片状模糊阴影, scattered distribution.

　　4. White blood cell count and neutrophil count are not increased, or there is a tendency to decrease.

　　Take comprehensive measures for prevention, first is to enhance the patient's resistance, strengthen physical exercise, enhance physical fitness, reduce risk factors such as smoking and alcoholism, improve their own immunity, which is an effective way to prevent Neisseria catarrhalis pneumonia. Second, medical personnel must strictly follow the disinfection system, strictly comply with the disinfection and sterilization system and aseptic operation procedures. Strictly implement health and disinfection systems. Have a good concept of asepsis and regular operations.

　　1. Sputum culture positive samples 52 times, and Neisseria catarrhalis was obtained on the blood plate.

　　2. X-ray chest films show that both upper and lower lungs can be involved, with 23 cases of patchy shadows, including 9 cases of large shadows and 3 cases of lung abscess.

　　First,食疗方 for Neisseria catarrhalis pneumonia

　　1. Stir-fried Crucian Carp with Celery:Ingredients: 250 grams of crucian carp, 50 grams of fresh celery, starch, ginger slices, garlic slices, soy sauce, sugar, vinegar, monosodium glutamate, fine salt, cooking wine, pickled chili peppers, and vegetable oil. Preparation: Cut the crucian carp into shreds, cut the celery into segments, and mix soy sauce, sugar, vinegar, monosodium glutamate, cooking wine, salt, and starch with broth to make a sauce. Heat a wok over high heat, add oil and heat to 5 degrees, add the fish shreds and stir-fry until separated, drain the excess oil, add ginger slices and pickled chili peppers. Stir-fry the celery segments until fragrant, then add the sauce, add bright oil, and remove from heat. Benefits: Crucian carp has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, promoting diuresis and reducing swelling, and relieving cough and asthma; celery has the effects of calming the liver and clearing heat, dispelling wind and promoting diuresis, and nourishing the spirit and Qi. Eating crucian carp and celery together is suitable for the auxiliary treatment of acute and chronic pneumonia.

　　2. Rabbit Meat and Mushroom Shreds:Ingredients: 100 grams of cooked rabbit meat, 50 grams of mushrooms, 25 grams of scallion whites, appropriate amounts of chili oil, soy sauce, vinegar, sugar, sesame oil, sesame paste, Sichuan pepper powder, and monosodium glutamate. Preparation: Shred the cooked rabbit meat and scallion whites, and cook the mushrooms. Place the scallion whites and mushrooms at the bottom, cover with rabbit shreds, and serve in a dish. Dilute the sesame paste with soy sauce in several steps, mix with sesame oil to make a sauce, and pour it over the rabbit shreds. Benefits: Rabbit meat has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, invigorating the spleen and Qi, removing dampness and cooling the blood, and promoting defecation; mushrooms have the effects of detoxifying and moistening dryness, invigorating the spleen and Qi, and stopping diarrhea. Eating rabbit meat and mushrooms together is suitable for treating acute pneumonia.

　　3. Quail and Lily Soup:One quail, 25 grams of lily, appropriate amounts of ginger, scallion, monosodium glutamate, and fine salt. Preparation: Kill the quail, remove feathers, feet, and internal organs, wash, and blanch in boiling water, then remove and cut into pieces; separate the lily petals, wash, and set aside. Wash the ginger and scallion, smash the ginger, and cut the scallion into segments. Place a pot on a high heat, add some water, put in the quail, bring to a boil, add lily petals, ginger pieces, and scallion segments, then turn to a low heat to simmer until the quail is cooked. Add salt and monosodium glutamate, cover and simmer for a few minutes, then serve in a soup bowl. Benefits: Quail meat has the effects of nourishing the five internal organs, benefiting the liver and clearing the lungs, clearing heat and promoting diuresis, and eliminating food retention and diarrhea; lily has the effects of moistening the lungs and relieving cough, nourishing yin and clearing heat, and calming the mind. Both are suitable for acute and chronic pneumonia.

　　4. Lean meat and cabbage soup:Ingredients: lean meat and cabbage heart each 100 grams, a little ginger, garlic, salt, monosodium glutamate, chicken oil. Preparation: slice the lean meat, wash and slice the cabbage, put it in boiling water, remove it when just cooked, rinse with cold water, drain the water and set aside; put the pot on a high heat, add chicken oil to 50% maturity, add garlic and stir-fry until golden brown, then add the lean meat and stir-fry together, add fine salt, add soup to cook, then add cabbage heart and boil, add monosodium glutamate and it is ready to eat. Effect: lean meat has the effects of invigorating the middle-jiao and promoting the generation of body fluid, and moistening the intestines; cabbage is mild in nature and sweet in taste, with the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, resolving phlegm and stopping cough, and relieving irritability and promoting defecation. Eating lean meat and cabbage together is suitable for acute and chronic pneumonia.

　　Two, what foods are good for Neisseria catarrhalis pneumonia

　　1. Foods should be high in nutrition, light, and easy to digest.

　　2. Fluids, especially fruit juices.

　　3. Fresh fruits and vegetables.

　　4. Fatty fish, eggs, and other foods rich in vitamin A.

　　Three, what foods should not be eaten for Neisseria catarrhalis pneumonia

　　1. Avoid spicy and greasy foods. Do not eat large fish, meat, and overly greasy products. Pneumonia patients should not add spices such as chili, pepper, mustard, Sichuan pepper, etc. to their diet. Quit smoking and drinking.

　　2. Not suitable for sweet and warm fruits: such as peaches, apricots, plums, oranges, etc.

　　3. Avoid cold and cool foods: (1) Various ice drinks; (2) Cold and cool fruits and vegetables: including watermelons, pears, bananas, kiwis, etc.

　　4. Avoid acidic foods: such as vinegar, sauerkraut, pickled vegetables, and hawthorn, black plum, sour tangerine, etc.

　　5. Astringent foods: such as white fungus, lotus root nodes, and unripe persimmons, hawthorns, etc.

　　1. Treatment

　　Neisseria catarrhalis produces β-lactamase unrelated to plasmids, so some strains are resistant to penicillin. The results of the drug sensitivity test in this group show that the sensitivity of the bacteria to antibiotics is in the order of cephalosporins, amikacin, ampicillin, and penicillin. Cephalosporins or (and) aminoglycoside antibiotics are recommended as the first-line drugs.

　　2. Prognosis

　　It is good. 26 cases were cured, 21 cases (80.8%), improved in 5 cases (19.2%), and there were no deaths. The course of the disease was 7-68 days, with an average of 21.3 days.