Cruciate ligament injury

　　Excessive extension or excessive abduction of the knee joint due to violence can cause damage to the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee. If the knee is flexed, external force is applied from the front to the back on the femur, or external force impacts the upper end of the tibia from the back to the front, either of which can cause a rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament. Anterior dislocation of the knee joint often occurs due to overextension and is bound to injure the anterior cruciate ligament. When the knee is flexed, external force impacts the upper end of the tibia from the front to the back, causing the tibia to move backward excessively, which can cause injury to the posterior cruciate ligament, even leading to posterior dislocation of the knee joint.

　　If the cruciate ligament injury is not treated, the incidence of late-stage osteoarthritis is quite high. The disease can also cause secondary injury to other joint structures and degenerative changes in the bones and joints.

　　Excessive extension or excessive abduction of the knee joint due to violence can cause damage to the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee. The patient mainly presents with severe pain and obvious swelling in the knee joint, with blood in the joint space, and difficulty in flexion and extension.

　　The main prevention of cruciate ligament injury is to prevent complications. During treatment, attention should be paid to timely repair of the anatomical structures that maintain joint stability. The maximum restoration of joint anatomical integrity and functional integrity should be achieved to avoid or reduce the occurrence of long-term complications, and better restore and maintain the function of the knee joint.

　　In diagnosing cruciate ligament injury, in addition to relying on its clinical manifestations, it is also necessary to assist with chemical tests. The main methods of examination include the following:

　　1, Drawer test

　　Bend the knee to 90°, fix the femur, and the examiner holds the proximal end of the lower leg with both hands, pulling or pushing the tibia forward or backward. If the anterior cruciate ligament is ruptured, the tibia has an abnormal forward movement; if the posterior cruciate ligament is ruptured, the tibia has an abnormal backward movement.

　　2, MRI examination

　　MRI can show the knee ligaments in multiple directions, multiple planes, and in a comprehensive and clear manner.

　　Patients with cruciate ligament injury are recommended to have a diet high in protein, vitamins, low in sugar and fat, and avoid or eat less animal fat and sweets. Patients can eat more vegetables, fruits, and foods rich in fiber, such as animal liver, seafood, mushrooms, eggs, beans, oatmeal, mustard, etc.

　　There are mainly two situations in the treatment of cruciate ligament injury:

　　1, Fresh cruciate ligament rupture

　　In cases of cruciate ligament rupture or avulsion fracture of the tibial tuberosity with obvious displacement, early surgical repair of the ruptured ligament or reduction and internal fixation of the avulsion fracture should be considered. After surgery, a long leg cast is used to fix the knee for 4-6 weeks, and the quadriceps muscle exercise should be strengthened. If the tibial tuberosity fracture is without displacement, the knee can be fixed in extension with a long leg cast for 4-6 weeks after the joint effusion is aspirated, and then the quadriceps muscle exercise should be strengthened thereafter.

　　2, Old cruciate ligament rupture

　　Old cruciate ligament rupture, the surgical effect is often not satisfactory, it is advisable to strengthen the quadriceps muscle exercise to strengthen the stability of the joint. If it is very unstable, consider using the vastus lateralis fascia, or the medial part of the patellar ligament, or the nearby tendons for ligament reconstruction surgery.