Giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath

　　Due to the presence of hemosiderin and lipids in the tumor tissue, it often appears yellow-brown, hence it is also called xanthoma. The etiology of this disease is not yet clear, and it may be related to environmental factors, genetic factors, dietary factors, emotional, nutritional, trauma, inflammation during pregnancy, and disorder of cholesterol metabolism. At the same time, the activation of proto-oncogenes also promotes the development of the disease.

　　This disease belongs to the precancerous lesion type, so there is a risk of canceration in clinical practice. Therefore, it should be treated as soon as possible after diagnosis to reduce the possibility of malignant transformation of the disease. Secondly, the tumor can erode adjacent bones, so due to the destruction of the cortical bone and the change in the trabecular structure, spontaneous pathological fractures may occur. Secondly, about 25% of cases may recur after resection, and extremely rare malignant giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath has also been reported.

　　Giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath presents as a firm, painless mass, grows slowly, usually less than 3cm in size, occurs in the fingers and hand, and is rare in the toes. It is more common in young people, with more females than males. The tumor can erode adjacent bones, about 25% of cases may recur after resection, and extremely rare malignant giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath has also been reported. Another type of tenosynovial tumor, fibroma of the tendon sheath, may be a subtype of giant cell tenosynovial tumor and can also invade the flexor tendons on the palmar side of the hand and fingers. The clinical morphology is the same as that of giant cell tenosynovial tumor, with an average age of onset of 30 years, which is younger than that of giant cell tenosynovial tumor.

　　The etiology of this disease is not yet clear, and it may be related to environmental factors, genetic factors, dietary factors, and emotional, nutritional, trauma, inflammation, and cholesterol metabolism disorders during pregnancy. Therefore, it is impossible to prevent the disease according to the etiology. Early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment are of great significance for indirect prevention of the disease, and can also reduce the occurrence of infectious complications. For patients with infection, antibiotic treatment should be started as soon as possible.

　　Histopathology

　　This tumor is often lobulated. The small lobes are surrounded by dense, transparent collagen. The cells within the tumor are composed of a variety of cell types in different proportions, including histiocyte-like mononuclear cells, osteoblastic multinucleated giant cells, xanthomatous cells, chronic inflammatory cells, hemosiderin-laden macrophages, and collagenous matrix. Another sub-type of this tumor is called tenosynovial fibroma, which cannot be distinguished from the other type clinically. Tenosynovial fibroma does not contain lipophages and hemosiderin-laden macrophages, and only a few multinucleated giant cells are occasionally seen.

　　1. Foods Beneficial for Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor Patients

　　Eat light and more vegetables and fruits, and reasonably match the diet to ensure adequate nutrition.

　　2. Foods to Avoid for Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor

　　Avoid smoking, drinking, spicy, greasy, and smoking. Avoid eating cold and raw foods.

　　The etiology of this disease is not yet clear, and it may be related to environmental factors, genetic factors, dietary factors, and emotional, nutritional, trauma, inflammation, and cholesterol metabolism disorders during pregnancy. Therefore, it is impossible to treat the disease according to the etiology. The treatment of this disease is mainly surgical, and the disease is still benign. The surgical range can be appropriately expanded to reduce the possibility of recurrence.