Crabs disease

　　The cause of pubic lice is mainly the product of turbid Qi caused by improper sexual intercourse, which damages the liver and kidney meridians, combined with unclean living environment. Pubic lice disease generally has three transmission routes, namely direct contact transmission, indirect contact transmission, and sexual contact transmission. Among them, pubic lice disease transmitted by sexual contact is the most common, accounting for more than 95%.

　　1, Direct contact transmission

　　It refers to other direct contact transmission that is not sexual contact. Due to limited living conditions, crowded housing, poor hygiene, and sleeping in the same bed with patients with pubic lice disease, close contact can also lead to the transmission of this disease.

　　2, Indirect contact transmission

　　Pubic lice and lice eggs often contaminate underwear, towels, bed sheets, toilets, etc., with the shedding of pubic hair, and others are infected by contacting these items contaminated with pubic lice.

　　3, Sexual contact transmission

　　Pubic lice disease transmitted by sexual contact is the most common, often causing lice to seek new hosts during sexual activity, and they are transmitted to new hosts, so pubic lice disease often spreads among promiscuous individuals, accounting for more than 95%.

　　Patients with pubic lice often scratch and cause scratch marks and blood scabs or secondary impetigo and folliculitis and other infections. Scratching often leads to scratch marks and blood scabs, or secondary impetigo and folliculitis and other bacterial infections. Occasionally, grayish or light blue macules may be seen. Specifically as follows:

　　1, Secondary infection of impetigo

　　Limitation of epidermal cavity elevation containing turbid pus. It is derived from the evolution of papules and vesicles in the skin. The size and depth of the pustules vary, and there may be inflammatory erythema around them. After the superficial pustules dry up, they become scabs and leave no scars. The deeper pustules can form ulcers, leaving scars after healing.

　　2. Folliculitis

　　Itching is the most prominent symptom, which causes an immediate desire to scratch. It is the most common symptom of skin diseases. Due to the different types of skin diseases and individual sensitivities, the severity and degree of itching can vary from mild to severe, from intermittent to continuous; it can also be localized, widespread, or systemic. Mild itching can be alleviated or relieved after scratching.

　　3. Skin rash

　　Pubic lice patients may have grayish or light blue macules on their skin.

　　The main affected areas of pubic lice are the pubic hair area and the perianal area, and they can also be found in the armpit hair and chest hair areas. Common symptoms include severe itching, which often leads to scratches and blood crusts, or secondary infections such as impetigo and folliculitis. Occasionally, grayish or light blue macules may be seen, with a diameter of about 0.5 cm, which do not fade when pressed and are not itchy, common in the inner thigh, lower abdomen, and腰部. This is due to the hemoglobin denaturation caused by the saliva entering the blood when pubic lice feed on blood. After the pubic lice are killed, these blue spots can persist for several months. The common symptoms of pubic lice include the following types:

　　1. Skin rash

　　There are often small pores (not visible to the naked eye) at the site of the pubic louse bite, local redness, small red spots, and blood crusts on them; after about 5 days, local allergic reactions occur, often with papules. Scratching often leads to infection, with pustules, exudate, and crusts.

　　2. Grayish blue spots

　　Near the affected area, there may be grayish blue spots 0.2 to 2 cm in size, which are not painful or itchy, do not fade when pressed, and can last for several months. Such grayish blue spots may also appear in the chest, abdomen, inner thigh, and other areas. The cause of these grayish blue spots is not yet clear and may be related to the saliva entering the blood during the bite of pubic lice.

　　3. Itching

　　Itching is the main symptom, but the degree of itching varies from person to person. Itching occurs when pubic lice use their claws to scratch holes in the skin or pierce holes, and when they bite and inject saliva. Pubic lice inject saliva when they feed on blood because saliva can prevent blood from clotting, which is beneficial for feeding. Pubic lice feed on blood several times a day, so itching is intermittent.

　　4. Lice or eggs

　　Pubic lice can be found at the root of the hair follicles, which are small, dark gray, light gray, or red (suffused with blood). Some patients can directly find small granular eggs.

　　The main mode of transmission of pubic lice is sexual contact. Since pubic lice survive by feeding on human blood and are highly contagious, there is a high probability that the patient will contract liver disease, AIDS, and other diseases. What are the preventive measures for pubic lice in daily life?

　　1. The main mode of transmission of pubic lice is sexual contact, so in daily life, we must杜绝 prostitution and嫖娼,杜绝性生活混乱; maintain personal hygiene, change clothes and take a bath frequently. Early treatment should be sought for the transmission of pubic lice, and sexual behavior should be stopped during treatment, and personal hygiene should be paid attention to.

　　2. It is important to find the source of infection in the treatment of food, mainly the sexual partners should be checked and treated simultaneously. Lice can be transmitted to some age groups, so children also need to be isolated to avoid transmission. If one of the couple has pubic lice, both must be checked and treated at the same time.

　　3, Because pediculosis pubis parasitizes human hair, it will contaminate underwear, bedding, and other items with hair falling off, so it is necessary to frequently boil and wash towels, bedding, and underwear in daily life; disinfect public items such as toilets and bath towels, and try to use squat toilets as much as possible.

　　4, Clothing, bedding, and other contaminated items used by patients with pediculosis pubis should be boiled to kill lice or ironed with an iron.

　　To check for the presence of pediculosis pubis, active adult lice or eggs should be collected from the fur丛 of the pubic hair, armpit hair, and other creases. Use forceps to collect the specimen, place it on a slide, add a drop of physiological saline, cover it with a cover slip, and examine it under a common optical microscope. Any of the following can be judged as positive.

　　(1) Adults: Complete or broken adults can be seen under a low-power microscope. If physiological saline is used, it is possible to find active adults.

　　(2) Eggs: Eggs can be seen at the same time as the adult lice, which can be seen in clusters or scattered.

　　During the treatment of pediculosis pubis, patients should pay attention to the following points in their diet:

　　1, Avoid spicy and刺激性 foods, and prohibit drinking alcohol.

　　2, Eat more fruits and vegetables, as vegetables contain abundant nutrients. Eat more foods that enhance immunity.

　　3, Avoid greasy and oily foods.

　　The diet for pediculosis pubis is only part of the treatment, and seeking treatment at a regular hospital is the best method.

　　Pediculosis pubis is a type of lice disease caused by lice, which can be transmitted through sexual contact. It is often found in couples, with more cases in women. It can affect the health of patients. Pediculosis pubis belongs to the category of 'Skin Dermatitis due to Insect Bite' in traditional Chinese medicine, and is commonly seen in clinical practice with damp-heat in the lower jiao and damp-heat in the liver and gallbladder.

　　1, Damp-heat in the Lower Jiao

　　Main Symptoms: Pruritus of the skin, frequent urination, urgency, and burning sensation during urination, accompanied by dry mouth, poor appetite, red tongue with yellow greasy coating, wiry and slippery pulse.

　　Therapeutic Method: Clear damp-heat in the lower jiao and relieve itching.

　　Prescription: Modified Buzheng Powder.

　　2, Damp-heat in the Liver and Gallbladder

　　Main Symptoms: Pruritus of the skin with a burning sensation, irritability, dry mouth and thirst, poor appetite, abdominal distension, red tongue with yellow greasy coating, wiry and rapid pulse.

　　Therapeutic Method: Clear heat, promote diuresis, and relieve itching.

　　Prescription: Modified Longdan Xiegan Decoction.